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- Hölderlin grew up in a pietistic family environment. From 1784 to 1788 he was a student at the monastery schools in Denkendorf and Maulbronn. He then studied philosophy and theology at the Tübingen monastery. There he met Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, with whom he temporarily shared a room. In 1790 he founded a poets' association with Christian Ludwig Neuffer and Rudolf Magenau. In the Tübingen monastery, the ideas of the French Revolution were enthusiastically received, just as the political and theological situation in the country was met with rejection. During his time at the monastery, Hölderlin studied the works of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz, Plato, Friedrich Schiller, Benedictus de Spinoza and Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, which strongly influenced his thinking.
In 1790, Hölderlin received his doctorate in philosophy. In 1793 he completed his consistory examination. Nevertheless, he did not choose the spiritual profession because being a writer was closer to his heart. In order to realize this, he took on a number of court master positions to earn a living. Friedrich Schiller gave him a position as court master with the von Kalb family in Waltershausen, which Hölderlin held from 1793 to 1795. He then moved to Jena and attended lectures by the philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte. From 1796 to 1798 he was court master for the Frankfurt banking family Jakob Friedrich Gontard. Hölderlin fell in love with the banker's wife, Susette Gontard. She found her way into Hölderlin's poetry as Diotima. This period was the most productive in the poet's life.
When an argument with the banker arose because of his affection for Susette Gontard, Hölderlin left Frankfurt and went to Homburg. There he stayed with his friend Isaac von Sinclair, the highest official in the county, from 1798 to 1800. He then stayed briefly in Stuttgart and Nürtingen and then in 1801 took on two more court master positions in Hauptwil in Switzerland and in Bordeaux in France. In 1802 he returned to Germany. The first signs of Hölderlin's mental illness became noticeable. During a period of improvement, larger poems were written. Isaak von Sinclair got him a job as a librarian in Homburg. In 1806 his health deteriorated significantly and the poet had to go to a clinic in Tübingen for treatment.
The following year he was discharged as incurable. Hölderlin had become in need of care. Master carpenter Ernst Zimmer from Tübingen took over the care of the patient. The poet lived with him in a tower-like annex for 36 years in mental confusion. During his lifetime, Hölderlin only published the Sophocles translation, a few lyrical works and the novel "Hyperion or the Hermit in Greece (1797-1799). Due to the few publications, he remained largely unknown to his contemporaries. Hölderlin's view of the comprehensive unity of life as a contrast to the disunity of the present. For this ideal of man and society he chose ancient Greece, which he elevated to the future age with divine unity.
The poet tried to regain the loss of unity through human reflection through his poetry. In his work, pantheism and Christian doctrine confront each other, the synthesis of which the poet was no longer able to carry out in detail due to his illness. But Hölderlin also dealt strongly with this unity and wholeness of man, nature and gods in his lyrical works. Hölderlin's lyrical expression was based on ancient models. In lyrical development, his path led from various formal and metrical experiments through odes and elegies to hymns, which he created in free rhythms and thus the influence of Pindar became noticeable. Particularly in his hymns, Hölderlin represented the view of the poet as a mediator between the absolute and man.
The utopian idea of unity in the early hymns returned in the later works. In his odes, Hölderlin preferred to use the Alkaean and Asclepiadean verses. - Writer
- Soundtrack
Jean-François-Alfred Bayard was born on 20 March 1796 in Charolles, Seine-et-Loire, France. Jean-François-Alfred was a writer, known for Le gamin de Paris (1923), Le gamin de Paris (1932) and Il biricchino di Parigi (1916). Jean-François-Alfred died on 19 February 1853 in Paris, France.- Anna Sewell was born on 20 March 1820 in Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, UK. She was a writer, known for Black Beauty (1994), Black Beauty (1933) and Your Obedient Servant (1917). She died on 25 April 1878 in Old Catton, Norfolk, England, UK.
- Writer
- Soundtrack
Henrik Ibsen was born on March 20th in Stockmannsgerden in Skien. His mother was Marichen and his father was Knud, a merchant. On 1835 his father gave up his business and the family moved to Venstop, a farm in Gjerpen. In 1843 he confirmed in Gjerpen church and left home in order to apprentice to Jens Aarup Reinmann, chemist. Three years later his first son was born by Else Sophie Jesdatter. On 1849 he wrote Catiline which was published a year later. On September 26, 1850 the first Ibsen staging in history took place; the one-act The Burial Mound was performed at Cristiania Theater. Two years later he started directing productions at Det norske Theater in Bergen. From 1853 to 1877 he wrote the plays St. John's night, Lady Inger, The feast at Solhoug, Olaf Liliekrans, The Vikings at Helgeland, Love's comedy, The pretenders, Brand, Peer Gynt, The League of Youth, Emperor and Galilean and Pillars of Society and the poems Life on the Upland, Terje Vigen and Balloon letter to a Swedish lady. Meanwhile he married Suzannah Thoresen in 1858 and his second son Sigurg was born a year later. In 1878 he moved to Rome where he lived for seven years. There he started writing the circle of his 11 last plays that made him classic; A Doll's House (1879), Ghosts (1881), An Enemy of the people (1882), The Wild Duck (1884), Rosmersholm (1886), The Lady from the Sea (1888), Hedda Gabler (1890), The Master Builder (1892), Little Ejolf (1894) John Gabriel Borkman (1896) and his last one When We Dead Awaken (1898). The same year large-scale celebrations took place in Christiania, Copenhagen and Stockholm for his 70th birthday. Two years later he had his first stroke. On May 23rd 1906 he died.- Mary Ann Orchard was born on 20 March 1830. Mary Ann died on 8 August 1906.
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Gavrlil Musicescu was born on 20 March 1847 in Izmail, Bessarabia, Russian Empire. He is known for Aurora (2010). He died on 8 December 1903 in Iasi, Kingdom of Romania.- Charles B. Jefferson was born on 20 March 1851 in Macon, Georgia, USA. He was an actor, known for The Biggest Fish He Ever Caught (1897). He was married to Lauretta Vultee and Edna Carey (1859-1933). He died on 23 June 1908 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Jules Mary was born on 20 March 1851 in Launois, Ardennes, France. He was a writer, known for La maison du mystère (1923), La maison du mystère (1933) and Roger la Honte (1933). He died on 27 July 1922 in Paris, France.
- Amalia Kasprowicz was born on 20 March 1854 in Lemberg, Galicia, Austrian Empire [now Lviv, Ukraine]. She was an actress, known for Ofiara namietnosci (1912). She died on 22 May 1938 in Lwów, Lwowskie, Poland [now Lviv, Ukraine].
- Actor
George Marion was born on 20 March 1856 in South Carolina, USA.- Composer
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Josef Franz Wagner was born on 20 March 1856 in Vienna, Austria. He was a composer, known for The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018), Colonia (2015) and Pettersson & Bendel (1933). He died on 5 June 1908 in Vienna, Austria.- Victor Lundberg was born on 20 March 1859 in Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden. He was an actor, known for Dan, tant och lilla fröken Söderlund (1924), Kärlek och kassabrist (1932) and Carl XII:s kurir (1924). He died on 7 April 1939.
- William J. Locke was born on 20 March 1863 in Barbados, British West Indies. He was a writer, known for Stella Maris (1918), The Coming of Amos (1925) and Ladies in Lavender (2004). He was married to Aimée Heath. He died on 15 May 1930 in Paris, France.
- Composer
- Soundtrack
Ernesto Nazareth was born on 20 March 1863 in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He was a composer, known for Scoop (2006), Road to Rio (1947) and Chega de Saudade (2007). He was married to Teodora de Meireles. He died on 4 February 1934 in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.- Actress
- Costume Designer
Jehanne d'Alcy was born on 20 March 1865 in Vaujours, Seine-et-Oise [now Seine-Saint-Denis], France. She was an actress and costume designer, known for Haggard's She: The Pillar of Fire (1899), Bluebeard (1901) and The Conjuring of a Woman at the House of Robert Houdin (1896). She was married to Georges Méliès and Gustave Manieux. She died on 14 October 1956 in Versailles, Seine-et-Oise [now Yvelines], France.- Hermann Picha was born on 20 March 1865 in Charlottenburg [now Berlin], Germany. He was an actor, known for The Beggar Student (1931), Schneider Wibbel (1920) and Die Konkurrenz platzt (1929). He died on 7 January 1936 in Berlin, Germany.
- Edward A. Morange was born on 20 March 1865 in Cold Spring, New York, USA. He was a director, known for The Great Diamond Robbery (1914). He died on 19 May 1955 in Torrington, Connecticut, USA.
- Director
- Cinematographer
Jan Krízenecký was born on 20 March 1868 in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was a director and cinematographer, known for Dostavenícko ve mlýnici (1898), Výstavní párkar a lepic plakátù (1898) and Výjezd parní stríkacky k ohni (1898). He died on 9 February 1921 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].- Cinematographer
- Camera and Electrical Department
- Additional Crew
J. Henry Kruse was born on 20 March 1870 in Mendocino, California, USA. J. Henry was a cinematographer, known for The Live Wire (1935), Circus Shadows (1935) and The Duke Is Tops (1938). J. Henry died on 1 January 1954 in Marin County, California, USA.- Joe McGinnity was born on 20 March 1871 in Cornwall, Illinois, USA. He was married to Mary Redpath. He died on 14 November 1929 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, USA.
- Karin Michaëlis was born on 20 March 1872 in Randers, Denmark. Karin was a writer, known for Die Okarina (1919), Das gefährliche Alter (1927) and Die heilige Lüge (1927). Karin was married to Charles Stangeland and Sophus Michaëlis. Karin died on 11 January 1950 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Alida Rouffe was born on 20 March 1874 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. She was an actress, known for The Baker's Wife (1938), Marius (1931) and César (1936). She was married to Joseph Merle and Jules Fermont. She died on 21 November 1949 in Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France.
- Angus MacLeod was born on 20 March 1874 in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England, UK. He was a producer, known for Command Performance (1937) and Bombs Over London (1937). He was married to Blanche Latimer. He died on 4 February 1962 in London, England, UK.
- Jan Hodr was born on 20 March 1875 in Slaný, Cechy Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was an actor, known for Hudba srdcí (1934), Trhani (1936) and Manzelství na úver (1936). He died on 15 December 1938 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- Actor
Bruce Belamator was born on 20 March 1876 in Pennsylvania, USA.- Additional Crew
W.A. Robinson Jr. was born on 20 March 1876 in New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA. W.A. died in 1959 in New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.- Robert Francheville was born on 20 March 1876 in Saint-Paul-de-Serre, Dordogne, France. He was a writer, known for L'enfant de ma soeur (1933), La nuit de la Saint Jean (1922) and Amori pericolosi (1964). He died on 18 September 1943 in Paris, France.
- Camera and Electrical Department
K.O. Rahmn was born on 20 March 1876 in Sweden. K.O. died on 23 July 1957 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Knute Rahm was born on 20 March 1876 in Sweden. He was an actor, known for The Girl Detective (1915), Jean of the Jail (1912) and Red Wing and the Paleface (1912). He died on 23 July 1957 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- J. Louis Johnson was born on 20 March 1878 in New Albany, Indiana, USA. He was an actor, known for Reet, Petite, and Gone (1947), Homecoming (1948) and Miss Susie Slagle's (1946). He died on 29 April 1954 in Los Angeles County, California, USA.
- Writer
- Soundtrack
Robert Bodanzky was born on 20 March 1879 in Vienna, Austria. He was a writer, known for The Rogue Song (1930), Whirled into Happiness (1951) and Eva, the Factory Girl (1935). He died on 2 November 1923 in Berlin, Germany.- Huseyngulu Sarabski was born on 20 March 1879 in Baku, Baku Governorate, Russian Empire [now Azerbaijan]. He was an actor, known for Arshin mal-alan (1917) and Sabuhi (1941). He died on 16 February 1945 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, USSR [now Azerbaijan].
- Felix Fischer was born on 20 March 1879 in Vienna, Austria. Felix was a writer, known for Café Elektric (1927). Felix died on 18 October 1944 in Vienna, Austria.
- Jacques Richepin was born on 20 March 1880 in Paris, France. Jacques was married to Cora Laparcerie (1875-1951). Jacques died on 2 September 1946 in Brittany, France.
- Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski was a Polish military and political leader. Prior to the First World War, Sikorski established and participated in several underground organizations that promoted the cause for Polish independence. He fought with distinction in the Polish Legions during the First World War, and later in the newly created Polish Army during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919 to 1921. In that war, he played a prominent role in the decisive Battle of Warsaw (1920). In the early years of the Second Polish Republic, Sikorski held government posts, including serving as prime minister (1922 to 1923) and as minister of military affairs (1923 to 1924). Following Józef Pilsudski's May Coup of 1926 and the installation of the Sanation government, he fell out of favor with the new regime.
During the Second World War, Sikorski became prime minister of the Polish government-in-exile, Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces, and a vigorous advocate of the Polish cause in the diplomatic sphere. He supported the reestablishment of diplomatic relations between Poland and the Soviet Union, which had been severed after the Soviet pact with Germany and the 1939 invasion of Poland-however, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin broke off Soviet-Polish diplomatic relations in April 1943 following Sikorski's request that the International Red Cross investigate the Katyn Forest massacre.
In July 1943, a plane carrying Sikorski plunged into the sea immediately after takeoff from Gibraltar, killing all on board except the pilot. The exact circumstances of Sikorski's death have been disputed and have given rise to a number of different theories surrounding the crash and his death. Sikorski had been the most prestigious leader of the Polish exiles, and his death was a severe setback for the Polish cause. - Actor
- Director
- Writer
Hayward Mack was born on 20 March 1882 in Albany, New York, USA. He was an actor and director, known for Oliver Twist, Jr. (1921), By the House That Jack Built (1911) and Frau Van Vinkle's Crullers (1913). He was married to Marjorie Ellison. He died on 24 December 1921 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Vera Doria was born on 20 March 1882 in New Zealand. She was an actress, known for A Pair of Silk Stockings (1918), A Lady's Name (1918) and Mrs. Leffingwell's Boots (1918). She died on 22 June 1957 in Los Angeles County, California, USA.
- Aleksandr Geirot was born on 20 March 1882. He was an actor, known for Simfoniya lyubvi i smerti (1914), Men and Jobs (1932) and Dikaya sila (1916). He died on 8 February 1947.
- René Coty was born on 20 March 1882 in Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, France. He was married to Germaine Alice Corblet . He died on 22 November 1962 in Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, France.
- Colin Campbell was born on 20 March 1883 in Falkirk, Scotland, UK. He was an actor, known for The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), The Wife of Monte Cristo (1946) and The Secret of Treasure Island (1938). He died on 25 March 1966 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Actor
- Make-Up Department
Armand Triller was born on 20 March 1883 in Bucharest, Romania. He was an actor, known for Laughing at Death (1929), The Meanest Man in the World (1923) and The Late Lamented (1922). He died on 12 December 1939 in California, USA.- Director
- Writer
- Actor
Born in Manhattan, KS, Louis Chaudet was a photographer and vaudeville comic before getting into the motion picture business as a director. He wrote and directed quite a few two-reelers for the Nestor Film Company, the first film company in Hollywood. He retired with the advent of sound, making his last film in 1929. He died in Burbank, CA, in 1965.- Composer
- Sound Department
- Soundtrack
Paul Fosse was born on 20 March 1885 in Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. He was a composer, known for Fantômas: In the Shadow of the Guillotine (1913), The Wheel (1923) and Roumanie, terre d'amour (1931). He died on 13 May 1959 in France.- William Caress was born on 20 March 1886 in Burns City Indiana, USA. He was an actor, known for Hello Cheyenne (1928), Black Jack (1927) and Chain Lightning (1927). He died on 9 August 1938 in French Lick, Indiana, USA.
- Sesto Gismondi was born on 20 March 1887 in Anagni, Lazio, Italy.
- Harry Sinclair Drago was born on 20 March 1887 in Toledo, Ohio, USA. He was a writer, known for Where East Is East (1929), The King of the Kongo (1929) and Silver Valley (1927). He was married to Herminne. He died on 25 October 1979 in White Plains, New York, USA.
- Lawrence Judd was born on 20 March 1887 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. He died on 4 October 1968 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
- Actor
- Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
- Location Management
Gaylord's first wife's maiden name was Mary E Yates. Her married name as shown on the grave stone was maye belle lloyd. Mary was my great aunt. Gaylord and Mary's child, gaylord jr was my dad's only first cousin. The couple met in Denver, CO. Mary, Gaylord, and Harold moved to Hollywood soon after.- Krsto Odak was born on 20 March 1888 in Siveric, Croatia, Yugoslavia. He was a composer, known for Ribari Jadrana (1948). He died on 4 October 1965 in Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia.
- Actress
Kay Sherris was born on 20 March 1888 in Virginia City, Nevada, USA. She was an actress. She died on 5 December 1955 in Alameda, California, USA.