Film-Noir
_Phim tội phạm cổ điển (film noir) là từ thường dùng để chỉ các bộ phim bí ẩn và chính kịch tội phạm của Mĩ ra đời trong giai đoạn đầu thập niên 1940 - cuối thập niên 1950. Phim thuộc dòng này có đặc điểm là quay dưới dạng trắng đen, và xoay quanh các femmes fatales (hình tượng nữ giới chuyên dụ dỗ người khác phạm tội trong các bộ môn nghệ thuật), anh hùng xuống dốc, anh hùng phản diện, và những điều tra viên cay nghiệt.
Từ film noir vốn là tiếng Pháp, có thể dịch ra thành black film (phim đen) hoặc dark film (phim tối), lần đầu áp dụng cho phim Hollywood là từ phê bình của Nino Frank (1946), và lúc bấy giờ không được cộng động điện ảnh Mĩ tán thành rộng rãi. Trước khi từ này được chấp nhận vào thập niên 1970 thì đa phần các tác phẩm kinh điển của film noir đều được xếp cùng vào melodrama - chính kịch âm hưởng. Tuy nhiên, cho tới hiện nay thì vấn đề liệu film noir có phải là một thể loại độc lập không vẫn còn gây tranh cãi trong giới học thuật.
Chủ đề của film noir khá rộng, nhân vật trung tâm trong phim thường thấy là: thám tử tư, cảnh sát nằm vùng, đấu thủ boxer sắp hết thời, một công dân chân chính không may dính vào rắc rối, hay đơn giản chỉ là một người cực xui xẻo. Dù ban đầu film noir vốn gắn liền với ngành công nghiệp điện ảnh Mĩ, nhưng dần dần đã lan rộng ra toàn thế giới. Nhiều phim ra đời sau thập niên 1960 trở về sau có chứa một số đặc điểm của film noir thời hoàng kim, hay được gọi chung là neo-noir.
Từ film noir vốn là tiếng Pháp, có thể dịch ra thành black film (phim đen) hoặc dark film (phim tối), lần đầu áp dụng cho phim Hollywood là từ phê bình của Nino Frank (1946), và lúc bấy giờ không được cộng động điện ảnh Mĩ tán thành rộng rãi. Trước khi từ này được chấp nhận vào thập niên 1970 thì đa phần các tác phẩm kinh điển của film noir đều được xếp cùng vào melodrama - chính kịch âm hưởng. Tuy nhiên, cho tới hiện nay thì vấn đề liệu film noir có phải là một thể loại độc lập không vẫn còn gây tranh cãi trong giới học thuật.
Chủ đề của film noir khá rộng, nhân vật trung tâm trong phim thường thấy là: thám tử tư, cảnh sát nằm vùng, đấu thủ boxer sắp hết thời, một công dân chân chính không may dính vào rắc rối, hay đơn giản chỉ là một người cực xui xẻo. Dù ban đầu film noir vốn gắn liền với ngành công nghiệp điện ảnh Mĩ, nhưng dần dần đã lan rộng ra toàn thế giới. Nhiều phim ra đời sau thập niên 1960 trở về sau có chứa một số đặc điểm của film noir thời hoàng kim, hay được gọi chung là neo-noir.
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