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- His father Niccolò Polo came from an old Dalmatian family that had settled in the Adriatic lagoon city around 1000 and was primarily dedicated to trade with the Middle East. Little is known about Marco's youth: he grew up with his mother in Venice in the absence of his traveling salesman father. During those years, Niccolò Polo and his brother Matteo Polo undertook extensive journeys to Asia Minor, which even took them to Beijing in 1266. In 1271, the young Marco Polo accompanied his father and uncle on their journey, which they undertook again on Pope Gregory X's diplomatic mission to the Emperor of China. The Polo traveled from Venice to Beijing via Acri, Persia, Afghanistan, the Silk Road and the Gobi Desert in three and a half years.
After arriving in Beijing in 1275, Marco Polo undertook various diplomatic missions on behalf of the Chinese emperor, which took him to Tibet and other provinces of the empire. He meticulously wrote down his travel impressions and experiences that he collected throughout China in the following years. In 1292, the Venetians found the opportunity to return by joining the Chinese princess's journey to Persia to join her fiancé. First they reached Hormuz in Persia on a sea voyage via Sumatra, Ceylon and the west coast of India. After a stay of several months at the Persian court, the Polo traveled back to Venice via Constantinople, where they arrived in 1295.
After Marco Polo began regular business as a merchant in his hometown, he was taken prisoner by the Genoese around 1297 as a result of military conflicts at sea between Venice and Genoa. There he dictated his extensive travel report to a fellow prisoner. In 1299, Marco Polo regained his freedom after the peace agreement between the two city republics. A little later he married Donata Badoer, with whom he had three daughters. Marco Polo's travel report was widely distributed under the title "Il milione" and was soon translated into several languages. One of the most important geographical texts of the Middle Ages, "Il milione" offered a colorful description of the cultures and landscapes of Asia as well as a treasure trove of information for future trade with those regions.
Marco Polo died on January 8, 1324 in Venice. - Maria Edgeworth was born on 1 January 1768 in Black Bourton, Oxfordshire, England, UK. Maria was a writer, known for Ficciones (1971). Maria died on 22 May 1849 in Edgeworthstown, County Longford, Ireland, UK [now Republic of Ireland].
- Henrik Anker Bjerregaard was born on 1 January 1792 in Ringsaker, Norway. He was a writer, known for Fjeldeventyret (1927). He was married to Henriette Hansen. He died on 7 April 1842 in Christiania, Norway [now Oslo, Norway].
- Though he died very young, Petôfi is the best nown Hungarian poet and is something of a national institution. He was born as the son of butcher István Petrovics and Mária Hrúz, a Slovak maid, in the Great Hungarian plains. As a young man, he became an actor and joined several theater companies but was not successful in this job and stayed quite poor. His fame began to rise when he started to publish his poems in Pest (now Budapest) newspapers. They became an immediate success due to their fresh and seemingly "simple" tone. His life's legend became even more romantic when he fell in love with a rich girl, Júlia Szendrey, and married her in 1847 in spite of her parents' disapproval. When the 1848 revolution broke out, Petôfi was enthusiastic about it and wrote a series of still well-known revolutionary poems. But his enthusiasm was not taken seriously politically. So he joined the army fighting against the Hapsburg rule and he disappeared (and probably died) in the lost Segesvár battle in 1849.
- Aloys Martin Kunc was born on 1 January 1832 in Cintegabelle, Haute-Garonne, France. He was married to Françoise Henriette Dargein. He died on 7 March 1895 in Toulouse, France.
- George W. Middleton was born on 1 January 1833 in New York, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for The Soul of Broadway (1915), Born Again (1914) and Hearts of Oak (1914). He was married to Anna Rebecca Ketchum. He died on 25 January 1916 in New York, New York, USA.
- Writer
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Ludovic Halévy was born on 1 January 1834 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for Bohemian Rhapsody (2018), Carmen (1943) and So This Is Paris (1926). He was married to Louise Breguet. He died on 7 May 1908 in Paris, France.- Ouida was born on 1 January 1839 in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England, UK. She was a writer, known for Under Two Flags (1936), Two Little Wooden Shoes (1920) and Flames of Desire (1924). She died on 25 January 1908 in Viareggio, Italy.
- Soundtrack
James Ryder Randall was born on 1 January 1839 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. James Ryder died on 15 January 1908 in Augusta, Georgia, USA.- Marchesa Colombi was born on 1 January 1840 in Novara, Kingdom of Sardinia [now Piedmont, Italy]. Marchesa was a writer, known for Un matrimonio in provincia (1980). Marchesa was married to Eugenio Torelli Viollier. Marchesa died in 1920 in Italy.
- Bracy started her career on the London stage in 1891. Married to concert tenor Henry Bracy, she produced operettas in Australia before going to the U.S. in 1910 to work under Charles Frohman. Bracy is known as one of the earliest film actresses and worked with Biograph and Kinemacolor Pictures.
- Additional Crew
Henry Dana was born on 1 January 1855 in Chelsea, Middlesex, London, England, UK. Henry is known for King John (1899) and Henry VIII (1911). Henry was married to Juliette Ann X. Henry died on 4 September 1921 in Bayswater, London, England, UK.- Fred Hallen was born on 1 January 1858 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He was an actor, known for The Scrub Lady (1917). He was married to Mollie Fuller and Enid Hart. He died on 27 February 1920 in New York City, New York, USA.
- J.T. MacMillan was born on 1 January 1859 in Glasgow, Scotland, UK. He was an actor, known for The Croxley Master (1921). He died in 1927 in Lambeth, London, England, UK.
- William Morris was born on 1 January 1861 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He was an actor, known for Monsieur Lecoq (1915), Romeo and Juliet (1916) and Behind Office Doors (1931). He was married to [Henrietta Luna] Etta Hawkins (actress). He died on 11 January 1936 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- John Luther Long was born on 1 January 1861 in Hanover, Pennsylvania, USA. John Luther was a writer, known for Madame Butterfly (1954), Madame Butterfly (1932) and Zi jun bie hou (1955). John Luther was married to Mary Jane Sprenkle. John Luther died on 31 October 1927 in Clifton Springs, New York, USA.
- Additional Crew
Herbert E. Cushman was born on 1 January 1862 in Taunton, Massachusetts, USA. Herbert E. was married to Anna Russell Taber. Herbert E. died in 1924 in New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.- Konstantinov spent most of his youth in Russia. Studied law at Odessa University and graduated in 1885, after which he returned to Bulgaria (which had become an independent state by then) to work at the Sofia Law Court. In 1893 he travelled to the United States and wrote the journal To Chicago and Back, published the same year. Konstantinov was politically active and he was murdered by political opponents in May 1897, barely 34 years old. As a writer he became famous for his Bai Gano stories.
- Laura Woods Cushing was born on 1 January 1863 in Connecticut, USA. She was an actress, known for The Rug Maker's Daughter (1915), The Victory of Conscience (1916) and Ham the Iceman (1914). She died on 18 March 1951 in San Bernardino, California, USA.
- Pierre de Coubertin was born on 1 January 1863 in Paris, France. He died on 2 September 1937 in Geneva, Switzerland.
- Alfred Stieglitz is undoubtedly one of the most significant contributors to the history of photography. He contributed not only scientific and artistic photographic studies, but also introduced modern art to America and furthered the theory of photography as art. Stieglitz was born in Hoboken, New Jersey on January 1, 1864.
The renowned photographer Stieglitz first studied photochemistry with Hermann Wilhelm Vogel at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin, from 1882-1886, and took his first photographs in 1883. He continued to travel and photograph in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland until 1890, when he returned to New York City. From 1890 to 1895 he was a partner in a photogravure firm. During this time he concentrated on photographing the streets of New York City. In 1894, Stieglitz travelled to Europe and was elected a member of the Linked Ring, a pictorialist society in London. In 1902, Stieglitz founded the Photo-Secession Movement which attempted to prove that pictorialist photography was a fine art form. From 1903 to 1917, Stieglitz was publisher and director of Camera Work magazine.
The graphic section was run by Edward Steichen (1879-1973). In 1905, Stieglitz opened the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession "291" on Fifth Avenue in New York City with Steichen. Along with the other original members, Gertrude Kasebier and Clarence H. White, they formulated their mission to secede from conventional expectations and explore the creative potential of photography from both a theoretical and scientific point of view. Needing space to gather, work and exhibit, the gallery was open to and exhibited such paintings by Cezanne, Picasso, Braque and Matisse. The gallery was also a gathering place for writers, philosophers and musicians.
Georgia O'Keeffe and Stieglitz began their relationship in 1917; she eventually became his wife. Over the next twenty years together, Stieglitz made more than 300 images of O'Keeffe.
Accomplished photographic scientist, photographer, gallery owner, art dealer, collector and writer, Stieglitz was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 1971. Throughout his life, until his death in 1946, he fought for the art and science of photography. A great, fearless fight. And if he were alive today he would still be fighting. Photography as a respected art form is still not accepted by some today. - Pierre Wolff was born on 1 January 1865 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for Abus de confiance (1937), She Returned at Dawn (1938) and The Lily (1926). He died on 27 July 1944 in Paris, France.
- Alfred Bastýr was born on 1 January 1865 in Kardasova Recice, Bohemia, Austria [now Czech Republic]. He was an actor, known for Batalión (1937), Otrávené svetlo (1921) and První políbení (1935). He died in 1942 in Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now Czech Republic].
- Director
- Cinematographer
- Producer
Peter Elfelt was born on 1 January 1866 in Elsinore, Denmark. He was a director and cinematographer, known for Capital Execution (1903), Fru Anna Larssen i sit paaklædningsværelse (1901) and Prinsesse Marie til hest (1903). He died on 18 February 1931 in Copenhagen, Denmark.- Art Director
- Production Designer
- Art Department
Wilfred Buckland was born on 1 January 1866. He was an art director and production designer, known for Terror Island (1920), Hawthorne of the U.S.A. (1919) and Almost Human (1927). He was married to Veda Buckland. He died on 18 July 1946 in Hollywood, California, USA.- Director
- Producer
Maria P. Williams was a Kansas City schoolteacher who entered the political arena in the 1890s as a lecturer who traveled through the state of Kansas giving speeches for political candidates and delivering lectures on the "topics of the day." From 1891 to 1894, she was editor-in-chief of a weekly newspaper in Kansas City, Kansas called, the "New Era." From 1896 to 1900 or so, she edited and published a newspaper, the "Women's Voice," sponsored by the "colored women's auxiliary" of the Republican party; the paper was described as having "many pleasant things to say on a choice of timely topics." After permanently settling in Kansas City, Missouri, she involved herself in a number of civic activities. In 1916, she published a short pamphlet describing her life and discussing her political and social views entitled "My Work and Public Sentiment." In 1923, Williams wrote, produced, and acted in the five reel crime drama, "The Flames of Wrath," and to distribute the picture, she formed the Western Film Producing Company and Booking Exchange owned by her and husband, Jesse L. Williams, who owned a number of businesses in and around Kansas City. Mr. Williams died later that year and Maria soon remarried. She appears to have involved herself in other endeavors, which may have led to her untimely end. In January of 1932, she was called away from her home by a stranger who requested help for his sick brother. She was found shot to death on the side of a road several miles from her home. The murder remains unsolved.- Helen Marlborough born Helen Viola Gleason in 1867 in California, became well-known in American comedy and drama theatre from the 1880s, short plump lady in few film roles, first playing her debut role in a brilliant performance as Mrs. Wright in 'The Wild Goose Chase' directed by Cecil B. De Mille at the Jesse L. Lasky Feature Film Co in 1915 followed by two last well-known films in 1916, she died in 1955 in Pasadena.
- Actor
- Soundtrack
Lew Fields was born on 1 January 1867 in New York City, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle (1939), The Barker (1917) and Mike and Meyer Go Fishing (1915). He was married to Rose Harris. He died on 20 July 1941 in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA.- Costume Designer
- Costume and Wardrobe Department
Jeanne Lanvin was born on 1 January 1867 in Paris, France. She was a costume designer, known for Mid-Channel (1920), La venenosa (1928) and Napoleon (1927). She was married to Emilio di Pietro. She died on 6 July 1946.- Snitz Edwards was born Edward Neumann in Hungary. Married first wife in 1889 and was divorced some time later. Although he was almost 20 years older than his wife, Edwards married Eleanor Taylor, an actress from Boston, in 1906. They had three children, Cricket (b. 1906), Evelyn (b. 1914) and Marian (b. 1917). The three girls were all put into films; in the late 1920s, Universal made a series of two reelers with the entire family based upon a theatrical family with three daughters. Edwards was earning $5,000 a week by then. Cricket became a secretary for the Jaffe Agency and married famous L.A. attorney Newt Kendall. She later became a movie producer and worked on films like The Guns of Navarone (1961) and The Victors (1963). Marian became an actress and later married writer Irwin Shaw (Rich Man, Poor Man (1976)). Evelyn was a writer who worked for RKO for years. Edwards' final film was the 1931 classic The Public Enemy (1931) but, by then, he was very sick with cirrhosis of the liver and rheumatoid arthritis. He is in a number of early scenes as "Putty Nose", but was unable to finish filming. He spent his final years bedridden, passing away in 1937 at home.
- Ema Pechová was born on 1 January 1869 in Jicín, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. She was an actress, known for Mazlícek (1934). She died on 2 December 1965 in Brno, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- Mabel Grundy was born on 1 January 1869 in Heswall, Merseyside, England, UK. She was a writer, known for The Mating of Marcus (1924). She died on 16 January 1952 in Liverpool, England, UK.
- Christopher Brennan was born on 1 January 1870 in Sydney, Australia. He was a writer, known for We Were F(r)iends (2011). He was married to Anna Elisabeth Werth. He died on 5 October 1932 in Sydney, Australia.
- W. Graham Brown born William Graham Browne in Ireland in 1870, highly well-known West End and Broadway theatre star from the 1890's, plays include 'Penelope' at the Lyceum Theatre in 1909 and as 'David Bliss' in Noel Coward's 'Hay Fever' at the Ambassador's Theatre in 1925. handsome dapper who starred in only one silent film role as 'Lord Burlington' in a USA movie 'Mrs. Plum's Pudding' directed by Al Christie and starring his then wife Marie Tempest for the Nestor Film Company in 1915, played mostly supporting roles in few English films, his first played 'Pignolet' in 'The Lady Is Willing' in 1934 directed by Gilbert Miller and starring Leslie Howard, perhaps his best known film and his last as 'Dr. Kurt Broman' in 'Moonlight Sonata' a musical drama in 1937 starring American actor Charles Farrell and the famous pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski.
- Writer and historian Evangeline Walker Andrews was born on New Years Day, 1870 in London England. She was the daughter of Indiana native Dr. John Crawford Walker (1828-1883) and his English wife, Laura Marion Seymour (abt. 1850-1924). Her father was a physician and newspaper editor whose tenure as a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War was punctuated with clashes with his superiors and charges of insubordination. He eventually became involved with a secrete organization associated with the anti-war Copperhead movement called the Sons of Liberty. When their plot to free Confederate POWs at Camp Morton and seize the Federal armory in Indianapolis was exposed, Walker fled to Canada and later England. By September of 1873 all was forgiven and, along with his British born family, returned to America aboard the SS Denmark. Evangeline was raised in Indianapolis and Wayne, Indiana along with an older brother and younger sister. Three years after her father's death in 1883, Evangeline's mother married Dr. William E. Brandt (1849-1919), a former associate of her father's at an Indianapolis hospital for the mentally ill.
Evangeline received her early education at Girls' Classical School in Indianapolis and was among the 1893 graduating class at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania. She would go on to found the Bryn Mawr Alumnae Association, serving for a number of years as President and also as Editor-in-Chief of the Bryn Mawr Alumnae Quarterly. One of the fond memories she retained from her years at Bryn Mawr was her friendship with Susy Clemens and becoming acquainted with her father, author and humorist Mark Twain.
On June 19, 1895 she married nutmegger Charles McLean Andrews (1863-1943), a history professor at Bryn Mawr who would later hold the Farnham Chair at Yale University and win a Pulitzer Prize for a series of books on Colonial America. Within the first few years of their marriage the couple became the parents of a girl and a boy.
In 1920 their daughter, Ethel Andrews (1897-1972), married architect Henry Killam Murphy (1877-1954). He would later design of a number of the government buildings built by the Nationalist Chinese during the 1920s and 30s. This marriage did not last and in 1928 she married attorney John Marshall Harlan II (1899-1971), who would later become an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
Their son, John Williams Andrews (1899-1975), was a man who held a variety of careers. He was known as a lawyer, journalist, Department of Justice investigator, owner of a public relations firm, author of non-fiction works and a co-recipient of the 1963 Robert Frost Poetry Award.
Evangeline Walker Andrews and her husband, were unabashed Anglophiles. Her specialty was Elizabethan history and, starting in 1900 at Bryn Mawr College, is credited with reviving Elizabethan May Day celebrations in America. She collaborated with her husband on a number of historical works both as a writer and editor. In 1921 the couple edited Janet Schaw's "Journal of a Lady of Quality", an addition to the Yale Chronicles of America series. Angeline and her husband also edited "Jonathan Dickinson's Journal ; or, God's Protecting Providence : Being the Narrative of a Journey from Port Royal in Jamaica to Philadelphia between August 23, 1696 and April 1, 1697" that was published in 1945.
Evangeline was an active member of Connecticut Society of the Colonial Dames of America, serving as their president from 1927 to 1933 and had worked on a number of historical preservation projects over her long life. During the First World War she served as Chairman of the Girls' Patriotic Society in New Haven. In the early 1920s she was headmistress at the Ethel Walker School in Simsbury, CT, a girl's preparatory school that was originally founded by her sister, Ethel Walker Smith (1872-1965), in 1911 at Lakewood, NJ. Ethel was married to Dr. Earl Terry Smith (1876-1952), a noted Hartford eye, nose and throat specialist, Evangeline Walker Andrews died at the age of ninety-two on February 25, 1962, in New Haven, Connecticut. She was survived by her children and sister. No record could be found by this writer of her brother, Reginald J. C. Walker (abt. 1866 - ?), beyond the 1880 US Census of Wayne, Indiana. Passenger Manifest SS President Pierce, August 27, 1927, US Census Records, 1880, 1900, 1910, The Daily Review Hayward, California, February 26, 1962, The Bridgeport Post, February 26, 1962, PubMed U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, New York, Times, June 16, 1965, An Incident at Bryn Mawr by Evangeline W. Andrews, Woman's Who's Who of America: a Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-1915, Connecticut Historical Society. History of Indianapolis and Marion County (1884), 35th Indiana Infantry "1st Irish". - Margaret "Peggy" Webling was an English playwright and novelist from Westminster, London. She is primarily remembered for her 1927 play "Frankenstein", a loose adaptation of the 1818 novel "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus" by Mary Shelley. Her play was the main source used for the horror film "Frankenstein" (1931) by James Whale.
In 1871, Webling was born in Westminster, London. Her father was a silversmith and jeweler. During her early life, Webling was an amateur actress. She became a minor celebrity by performing in London with her three sisters. She became acquainted with the leading actress Ellen Terry (1847-1928), the novelist Lewis Carroll (1832-1898), and the polymath John Ruskin (1819-1900).
During the 1890s, Webling lived primarily in Canada and the United States. In 1896, she published her debut work, a poetry collection In 1905, she published her debut novel "Blue Jay". She continued regularly writing novels over the following years, such as "The Spirit of Mirth" (1910), "Edgar Chirrup" (1915), and "Boundary House" (1916). In 1919, she wrote the Christian-themed illustrated children's book "Saints and Their Stories".
In 1924, Webling published her memoir, "Peggy: The Story of One Score Years and Ten". In 1927, she was approached with a business offer by the actor-producer Hamilton Deane (1880 -1958). He had used a stage adaptation of "Dracula" to rise to fame. He wanted to introduce a stage adaptation of "Frankenstein" as well, and wanted Webling to write it for him.
Webling's play debuted in Preston, Lancashire in December 1927. She continued revising it over the next few years. The play had its London debut in February 1930. There were a total of 72 performances in London, though contemporary critics ridiculed the play's "flimsy" plot. In Webling's version of the story, the term "Frankenstein" applied to both the scientist and the monster. She was the first writer to name the creature with the family name of his creator.
In April 1931, the film studio Universal Pictures purchased the film rights to an unproduced American adaptation of Webling's play. As part of the deal, Webling received 20,000 dollars. She was also promised 1% of the gross earnings on all showings of any films based on her dramatic work. Her play served as the basis of the horror film "Frankenstein" (1931), which was a box office hit.
During the late 1930s, Webling published her last known works: "Aspidistra's Career" (1936), "Opal Screens" (1937), and "Young Lætitia" (1939). She spend the 1940s in retirement. She died in June 1949, at the age of 78. Her works fell in obscurity following her death, but her version of Frankenstein influenced most screen adaptations of the Frankenstein story during the 20th century. - Actor
- Director
Fritz Weidemann was born on 1 January 1871 in Neustadt, Holstein, Germany. He was an actor and director, known for The Student of Prague (1913), Dschihad (1916) and The Devil's Assistant (1913). He died on 30 January 1919 in Germany.- Georgette de Nove was born on 1 January 1871 in Croydon, Surrey, England, UK. She was an actress, known for David (1924), Tilly of Bloomsbury (1921) and The Glorious Adventure (1922). She died on 18 April 1942 in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England, UK.
- Ernst Fastbom was born on 1 January 1871 in Stockholm, Sweden. He was an actor and writer, known for Jag gifta mig - aldrig (1932), Halta Lena och Vindögda Per (1924) and Halta Lena och vindögde Per (1933). He died on 6 October 1940 in Stockholm, Sweden.
- Robert Symes Entwistle, who was born in London on 1 January, 1872, worked on Broadway as a character comedy actor and as producer Charles Frohman's stage manager. He also appeared in the film The Beautiful Adventure (1917), that was based on a Frohman theatrical adaption of a popular French play by Robert de Flers and Gaston Arman de Caillavet. Not long after Charles Frohman was lost at sea during the sinking of the Lusitania, Entwistle retired from the stage and opened a small shop in New York on Madison Avenue and Fifty-Fourth Street that sold designer gift boxes to upscale clientele.
In 1904 Entwistle married Emily Stevenson in Birmingham, England. Their daughter, Lillian Millicent (Peg Entwistle), became known as one of the more tragic Hollywood figures, when, in 1931, she leaped to her death from atop one of the letters in the landmark Hollywoodland sign. Emily died in 1912 around the time Entwistle was brought to America by Charles Frohman. In 1914 he married, probably in New York, his sister-in-law, Lauretta Amanda Ross. Their union produced two sons, Milton and Robert, before her untimely death in 1921 at the age of 37 from spinal meningitis.
On the evening of 2 November, 1922, Entwistle was run down by a limousine at the intersection of Park Avenue and Seventy- Second Street, as he was walking home from his place of business. Witnesses to the accident told police that the limousine's chauffeur stopped, got out of the vehicle for a moment and looked down on Entwistle's broken body before speeding off. Neither the driver nor the limousine was ever found.
Robert Entwistle lingered for forty-eight days in a body caste with a broken spine before dying on 19 December at Prospects Hospital in Brooklyn, New York. He was survived by his three children, who were then raised by his brother, actor Harold Entwistle and his wife, former actress Jane Ross.
Robert Symes Entwistle was interned at the Oak Hill cemetery, Glendale, Ohio in a grave that he now shares with his daughter Millicent. - Director
- Actor
- Writer
James Young was born on 1 January 1872 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. He was a director and actor, known for On Trial (1917), David Garrick (1914) and Beau Brummel (1913). He was married to Clara Whipple, Clara Kimball Young, Rida Johnson Young and Julie de Valera-Porkosky. He died on 9 June 1948 in New York City, New York, USA.- Leon Czolgosz was an American anarchist of Polish extraction who shot President William McKinley while the president was attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York in September 1901.
Born in Michigan in May 1873, the 28-year-old Czolgosz was the son of ethnic Polish immigrants from Prussia. He arrived in Buffalo on August 31, 1901 and stalked the president once he arrived at the exposition. He bought a pistol on September 2nd and on September 6th, joined a receiving line at the Temple of Music whose members moved forward to shake hands with the president. The meet-and-greet was only expected to last was 10 minutes, but that was enough to change history.
The assassin had secreted his pistol wrapped in a handkerchief inside his pocket. When he made it to the head of the line and McKinley extended his hand, Czolgosz swatted it away and twice pulled the trigger of his weapon, shooting McKinley in the stomach. The two bullets fired at point-blank range staggered the president, but did not immediately kill him. (He lived on for a week and a day, expiring on the 14th.)
The crowd in the Temple of Music seized Czolgosz and beat him to the point of death before soldiers and police intervened. The near-dead Czolgosz was jailed and stood trial on September 23rd, nine days after McKinley died of his wounds. Czolgosz had been deeply influenced by the anarchists Alexander Berkman (himself the would-be assassin of Henry Clay Frick) and Emma Goldman, whom he had seen give a public speech and subsequently met.
Czolgosz's meeting with Goldman occurred the very same year he killed McKinley, and she was arrested as part of a possible conspiracy but was released for lack of evidence. It was apparent Czolgosz acted alone. Goldman tried to rally support for the assassin, comparing him in print to Brutus who had slain Julius Caesar, but many anarchists shunned Czolgosz, as he had brought opprobrium onto the movement. Theodore Roosevelt, the new president, had declared, "When compared with the suppression of anarchy, every other question sinks into insignificance.
At his arraignment, Czolgosz pleaded guilty, which is not allowed in a capital trial, and the judge changed his plea to "not guilty". His lawyers wanted to go with an insanity defense such as used for Charles J. Guiteau, the assassin of President James Garfield, but a defiant Czolgosz refused to cooperate with them as, to him, they were symbols of the authority he hated and had struck out against in the Temple of Music. He clearly wanted to be martyred, and he was, convicted after a two day trial when the jury came back with a guilty verdict after one hour. He was executed in the electric chair at Auburn State Prison (Auburn, New York) on October 29, 1901, 53 days after he shot and fatally wounded President McKinley. - Actor
- Director
- Writer
Frank Hall Crane was born on 1 January 1873 in San Francisco, California, USA. He was an actor and director, known for The Stolen Voice (1915), The Family Cupboard (1915) and Old Dutch (1915). He was married to Irene M. Titus. He died on 1 September 1948 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA.- Actor
- Soundtrack
Hans Wassmann was born on 1 January 1873 in Berlin, Germany. He was an actor, known for Louise de Lavallière (1922), Der Liebeskäfig (1925) and Vater geht auf Reisen (1932). He died on 5 April 1932 in Berlin, Germany.- Mariano Azuela was born on 1 January 1873 in Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, Mexico. He was a writer, known for Los de abajo (1978), Mala yerba (1940) and Los de abajo (1940). He died on 1 March 1952 in Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
- Bernhard Wildenhain was born on 1 January 1873 in Werdau, Germany. He was an actor, known for The Rape of the Sabines (1936) and Der Schönheitswettbewerb (1924). He died in May 1957 in Leipzig, Germany.
- Actor
- Director
- Writer
Willis Robards was born on 1 January 1873 in Texas, USA. He was an actor and director, known for The Three Musketeers (1921), When Shadows Fall (1916) and Mothers of Men (1917). He was married to Grace Blake. He died on 3 November 1921 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Ernest Lambart was born on 1 January 1874 in Ireland. He was an actor, known for Deadline at Eleven (1920) and The Black Panther's Cub (1921). He was married to Josephine Drake. He died on 27 June 1945 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Aldrich Bowker was born on 1 January 1875 in Ashby, Massachusetts, USA. He was an actor, known for Nancy Drew... Trouble Shooter (1939), Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1940) and Susan and God (1940). He died on 21 March 1947 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Mary St. John was born on 1 January 1875 in California, USA. She was an actress, known for Anything Once (1917). She died on 16 March 1946 in San Francisco, California, USA.