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- Jacob Balde was born on 4 January 1604 in Ensisheim, Haut-Rhin, France. He was a writer, known for Melancholia (2014). He died on 9 August 1668 in Neuburg an der Donau, Bavaria, Germany.
- Soundtrack
His father had died before he was born. At the age of three he was sent to his grandmother, with whom he grew up until he was ten. Newton then returned to his mother. He attended school in nearby Grantham. From 1665 he studied at Trinity College, Cambridge. Among other things, he was taught there by the theologian, philologist and mathematician Isaac Barrow. In January 1665, Newton received his baccalaureate (high school diploma). An outbreak of bubonic plague led to the college's closure. Newton returned to his parents' home in Woolsthorpe. During this time he worked on infinitesimal calculus, the nature of light and gravity. It was not until 1667 that he resumed his studies at Cambridge. He dealt with the works of Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei and Robert Boyle. Newton's development of infinitesimal calculus (fluxion calculus) was groundbreaking in mathematics, as previously one could only deal with fixed quantities such as numbers. Newton's development opened up the possibility of expressing time-varying quantities such as physical forces or speeds in numbers.
Independently of Newton, the philosopher, mathematician and researcher Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz developed a solution to this mathematical problem around the same time through his differential and integral calculus. Its naming as infinitesimal calculus ultimately prevailed. In 1669, Newton improved the telescope into a reflecting telescope by using inwardly curved lenses to concentrate light. In the same year he became a professor at Cambridge; He thus succeeded his teacher Barrow. In 1671 he demonstrated his invention to the London Royal Society. Newton presented his first scientific publication on the discovery of the nature of light to the Royal Society in 1672. In the same year he became a member. He was able to prove experimentally that white light consists of a mixture of colored light components. In doing so, he contradicted the previously common view that colored light was complex and white light was simple. Newton explained light as consisting of corpuscles. His scientific work "Optics" was not published until 1704.
In 1687, Newton published his three famous laws of motion in the book "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica". The beginnings of this theory lay in the time of the plague, which led to the interruption of his studies and his stay in his parents' house. In this book, also known as "Principia", he also laid down Newton's law of gravitation: Every piece of matter has a so-called heavy mass, the cause of its attraction. - The force of gravity between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses. - The change in gravity is inversely proportional to the square of their distance. An anecdote tells that Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity when an apple fell on his head. Newton is said to have concluded from this that gravity also acts on the moon and that the moon's orbit must consist of two balancing forces - one is the centripetal force, which pulls the bodies to the center of the orbit, and the other is the centrifugal force, which is drawn by the moon Center strives away.
In the three "Principia" books, Newton dealt, in addition to the laws of motion, with planetary orbits, liquids and gases, the refutation of a vortex theory and the dependence of gravity on mass. From 1689 to 1690 Newton was elected MP for Cambridge University. In 1693 he suffered a severe nervous breakdown, which prevented him from further research. He then dealt with alchemy and religious questions. In 1696 he was appointed Mint Warden, supervisor of the royal mint. Three years later he was promoted to mint master, today comparable to finance minister. In 1700 Newton left Cambridge and moved to London. In 1703 he became president of the Royal Society there. In 1705 he became the first scientist to be knighted by the Royal Society. In 1713 and 1726, the three-volume work "Principia" was published for the second and third times, respectively.
Sir Isaac Newton died on March 31, 1727 in London.- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi was born on 4 January 1710 in Jesi, Papal State [now Marche, Italy]. He is known for Chocolat (2000), Sucker Punch (2011) and Mirror (1975). He died on 16 March 1736 in Pozzuoli, Kingdom of Naples [now Campania, Italy].- Tito Brezovacki was born on 4 January 1757 in Croatia, Hungary, Habsburg Monarchy [now Croatia]. He was a writer, known for Diogenes (1973). He died on 29 October 1805 in Zagreb, Croatia, Austrian Empire [now Croatia].
- Writer
- Additional Crew
Jacob Grimm was a German folklorist, linguist, and philologist. He and his younger brother Wilhelm Grimm (1786 - 1859) co-operated in collecting, compiling, and revising German folk tales into "Grimms' Fairy Tales" (1812). By its final revised edition in 1857, the collection included 210 unique fairy tales. Grimm also published the historical treatise "Teutonic Mythology" (Deutsche Mythologie, 1835) on Germanic mythology and its impact in modern German folk culture. He spend his last years working on "The German Dictionary" (Deutsches Wörterbuch), the largest and most comprehensive dictionary of High German. It was left unfinished with his death, but was expanded and finished by other scholars. Its first complete edition was published in 1961, nearly a century after Grimm's death.
In 1785, Grimm was born in Hanau, Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. His father was the lawyer Philipp Grimm (d. 1796). His father died when Grimm was 11-years-old, severely reducing the Grimm family's income and social status. However, Jacob received financial help from a maternal aunt who served as a lady of the chamber to the Landgravine of Hesse.
Grimm was educated at public schools, and enrolled at the University of Marburg in 1802. He was initially only interested in studying law, but he was impressed with the lectures of the historian Friedrich Carl von Savigny (1779 -1861). Savigny awakened in Jacob a love for historical and antiquarian research, and allowed the young man to study Middle High German texts from his personal library.
In 1805, Grimm joined his mentor Savigny in his work at Paris, where he took time to study available medieval texts. In 1806, Grimm found a new job, working in the war office at Kassel. His salary was meager, but provided him with enough free time to pursue his own interests.
In 1808, Grimm was appointed superintendent of the private library of Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia (1784-1860, reigned 1807-1813). He also as an auditor to the state council. His combined salary for these two positions were 4000 francs. Following Jerome's deposition, Grimm served as Secretary of Legation in Hesse-Kassel. He spend a few years trying to claim restitutions of books from Kassel that had been taken by the French Army.
In 1816, Grimm was appointed as the second librarian at the Kassel library, second-in-command for this department. He worked closely with his brother Wilhelm, who was also employed as a librarian at this library. In 1828, the chief librarian died. Both brothers were nominated for promotion, but were disappointed when the vacant seat was occupied by another candidate.
In 1829, the frustrated Jacob accepted an offer to work as both a professor and a librarian at the University of Göttingen. He lectured on legal history, historical grammar, literary history, and diplomatics. He also provided commentaries on Old German poetry and the "Germania" of Tacitus, one of the oldest surviving works on Germanic history and culture.
In 1837, Jacob and Grimm were both included in the Göttingen Seven, academics who protested against the planned abolition of the constitution of the Kingdom of Hanover by the new monarch, Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (1771-1851, reigned 1837-1851). The academics were all fired by the king, and the Grimm Brothers were exiled. The brothers spend a few years under reduced circumstances in Kassel.
In 1840, Grimm was appointed a professor at the University of Berlin, after accepting an offer of employment Frederick William IV of Prussia (1795-1861, reigned 1840-1861). By the terms of his employment, he was not actually obligated to lecture students. He chose to only lecture on occasion, devoting much of his time to compiling more literary works.
Grimm died in September 1863, while still working in Berlin. He was 78-years-old at the time of his death. He had never married and had no known descendants. His legacy includes a large influence on several fields of scholarship, and frequent adaptations of his fairy tales over the following centuries. He is the originator of "Grimm's law" in linguistics, which is used in the study of the Proto-Indo-European language.- Tom Thumb was born on 4 January 1838 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA. He was married to Lavinia Warren. He died on 15 July 1883 in Middleboro, Massachusetts, USA.
- Victor Blüthgen was born on 4 January 1844 in Zörbig, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. He was a writer, known for Gendarm Möbius (1914). He was married to Clara Eysell and Luise Heinburg. He died on 2 April 1920 in Berlin, Germany.
- Jan Karafiát was born on 4 January 1846 in Jimramov, Moravia, Austria. Jan was a writer, known for Broucci (1967) and Broucci (1995). Jan died on 31 January 1929 in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
- Max Kalbeck was born on 4 January 1851 in Breslau, Silesia, Germany. He was a writer, known for Prodaná nevesta (1976) and Die verkaufte Braut (1982). He was married to Julie Freund. He died on 4 May 1921 in Vienna, Austria.
- Director
- Animation Department
- Writer
Pioneering animator Emile Cohl was born Emile Eugène Jean Louis Courtet in Paris, France, in 1857. He began his career as a caricaturist, cartoonist and writer in his 20s, and in 1908 he was hired by the Gaumont film company as a writer. He soon also became a director, turning out comedies and fantasies, but animated films--which were just starting to come into their own--fascinated him and he began experimenting with them. He worked with line drawings, silhouettes and puppets, and in 1908 he turned out A Fantasy (1908), generally considered to be the first fully animated film (it consisted of 700 drawings of a character he created, "Fantoche", each separately photographed). He made more than 250 animated films between 1908 and 1923 for a variety of studios, including Eclair and Pathe.
Unfortunately, Cohl was financially ruined by the Great Depression of the early 1930s, and he died in poverty in France in 1938 after having caught pneumonia.- Writer
- Actor
- Soundtrack
Viktor Léon was born on 4 January 1858 in Szenic, Nyitra, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire [now Senica, Slovak Republic]. He was a writer and actor, known for The Merry Widow (1934), The Merry Widow (1925) and The Merry Widow (1952). He was married to Ottilie Popper. He died on 23 February 1940 in Vienna, Austria.- Karel Václav Rais was born on 4 January 1859 in Lázne Belohrad, Bohemia, Austria [now Czech Republic]. He was a writer, known for Pantáta Bezousek (1927), Zapadlí vlastenci (1932) and Pantáta Bezousek (1941). He was married to Marie Hrozna. He died on 8 July 1926 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- Alfred Schmasow was born on 4 January 1863 in Berlin, Germany. He was an actor and writer, known for Das Loch in der Pfanne (1917), Terpsichore. Die Macht des Tanzes (1921) and Das Gastmahl des Satans (1920). He died on 16 May 1924 in Berlin, Germany.
- Director
- Cinematographer
- Producer
Along with his better-known French counterpart Georges Méliès George Albert Smith was one of the first filmmakers to explore fictional and fantastic themes, often using surprisingly sophisticated special effects. His background was ideal--an established portrait photographer, he also had a long-standing interest in show business, running a tourist attraction in his native Brighton featuring a fortune teller. His films were among the first to feature such innovations as superimposition (Smith patented a double-exposure system in 1897), close-ups and scene transitions involving wipes and focus pulls. He also patented Kinemacolor--the world's first commercial cinema color system--in 1906, which was extremely successful for a time, despite the special equipment required to project it- Actor
- Director
Emanuel Tvede was born on 4 January 1868. He was an actor and director, known for Faldgruben (1909) and The Apache Girl's Revenge (1909). He died on 3 July 1910.- Blanche Walsh was born on 4 January 1873 in New York City, New York, USA. She was an actress, known for Resurrection (1912). She died on 31 October 1915 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
- Actress
Nellie Sheffield was born on 4 January 1873 in Carmarthen, Wales, UK. She was an actress. She died on 23 February 1957 in Battersea, London, England, UK.- Writer
- Soundtrack
Anni Swan was born on 4 January 1875 in Helsinki, Finland. She was a writer, known for Olli's Apprenticeship (1920), Tottisalmen perillinen (1940) and Pikku Suorasuu (1962). She was married to Otto Manninen. She died on 24 March 1958 in Helsinki, Finland.- Georges Mauloy was born on 4 January 1875 in Soissons, Aisne, France. He was an actor, known for Les Misérables (1934), La maison du mystère (1933) and Tovaritch (1935). He died on 8 March 1942 in Paris, France.
- Charles Alphin was born on 4 January 1876 in Pioche, Lincoln County, Nevada, USA. He was a writer, known for Merry Widower (1926). He was married to Katherine Downs and Marie Fowler. He died on 14 May 1946 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Gibson Gowland was born on 4 January 1877 in Spennymoor, Durham, England, UK. He was an actor, known for Greed (1924), Blind Husbands (1919) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). He was married to Rachelle Marie Gertrude Dervaes (pianist/actress) and Sylvia Andrew. He died on 9 September 1951 in London, England, UK.
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Frederic du Rietz-Sandström was born on 4 January 1877 in Jönköping, Sweden. Frederic is known for One Summer of Happiness (1951), Good Night, Irene (1994) and Glädjekällan (1993). Frederic died on 2 January 1952 in Jönköping, Småland, Sweden.- Actress
- Soundtrack
Rosa Grünberg was born on 4 January 1878 in Stockholm, Sweden. She was an actress, known for Loving Couples (1964), Amerikaminnen (1908) and Skilda tiders danser (1909). She was married to Yngve Sjöstedt. She died on 11 April 1960.- A.E. Coppard was born on 4 January 1878 in Folkstone, Kent, England, UK. He was a writer, known for Country Matters (1972), Lux Video Theatre (1950) and Robert Montgomery Presents (1950). He died on 13 January 1957 in London, England, UK.
- Gerdt von Bassewitz was born on 4 January 1878 in Allewind, Kingdom of Württemberg. He was a writer, known for Peterchens Mondfahrt (1990), Peterchen's Mondfahrt (1959) and Peterchens Mondfahrt (1992). He died on 6 February 1923 in Berlin, Germany.
- Actor
C.B. Steele was born on 4 January 1878 in Illinois, USA. He was an actor. He died on 5 March 1940 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Augustus John was born on 4 January 1878 in Tenby, Pembrokeshire, Wales, UK. He was married to Nettleship, Ida. He died on 31 October 1961.
- Gertrud Berry was born on 4 January 1879 in Breslau, Silesia, Germany [now Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland]. She is known for Die Flucht durch Flammen (1920) and Anna, die Perle (1916).
- Oszkár Fodor was born on 4 January 1880 in Nagyvárad, Austria-Hungary. He was an actor, known for Marionetten (1915), A csikós (1917) and Lyon Lea (1915). He died on 5 January 1950 in Budapest, Hungary.
- Additional Crew
- Writer
- Editor
Marion Morgan was born on 4 January 1881 in New Jersey, USA. She was a writer and editor, known for Goin' to Town (1935), Fashions for Women (1927) and Klondike Annie (1936). She died on 10 November 1971 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Norman Field was born on 4 January 1881 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He was an actor, known for Destination Big House (1950), Invitation (1952) and The Twonky (1953). He died on 11 September 1956 in Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Music Department
Gaetano Merola was born on 4 January 1881 in Naples, Italy. Gaetano is known for Love Me Forever (1935). Gaetano died on 30 August 1953 in San Francisco, California, USA.- Actor
- Writer
Clifford Seyler was born on 4 January 1881 in Hackney, London, England, UK. He was an actor and writer, known for Tons of Money (1926) and Squibs (1921). He died on 20 July 1930 in Kensington, London, England, UK.- Nikolaj Velimirovic was born on 4 January 1881 in Lelic-Valjevo, Serbia. Nikolaj was a writer, known for Samo je jedno potrebno (2022) and Molitve na jezeru (1992). Nikolaj died on 18 March 1956 in Libertyville, Illinois, USA.
- Sound Department
Jess Moulin was born on 4 January 1881 in South Dakota, USA. Jess is known for Danger in the Pacific (1942), The Mad Ghoul (1943) and The Lost Moment (1947). Jess died on 19 December 1948 in Los Angeles County, California, USA.- Árpád Ujváry was born on 4 January 1882 in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. He is known for Zörgetnek az ablakon (1944) and Machita (1944).
- Ethel Dovey was born on 4 January 1883 in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, USA. She was an actress, known for Thus Saith the Lord (1913) and The Trail of the Silver Fox (1913). She was married to Willis Monroe Palmer and Frederick Truesdell. She died on 20 November 1920 in Des Moines, Iowa, USA.
- Adelaide Cannon was born on 4 January 1883 in Missouri, USA. She was an editor, known for Almost Human (1927), For Alimony Only (1926) and Mantrap (1926). She died on 17 February 1971 in San Gabriel, California, USA.
- Max Eastman was born on 4 January 1883 in Canandaigua, New York, USA. He was married to Yvette Szkely, Elena Krylenko and Ida Rauh. He died on 25 March 1969 in Bridgetown, Barbados.
- Ralph E. Dyar was born on 4 January 1884 in Winona, Minnesota, USA. He was a writer, known for A Voice in the Dark (1921). He was married to Elsie J. Kiesling. He died on 20 December 1955 in Spokane, Washington, USA.
- Aleksandr Kramov was born on 4 January 1885 in Kiev, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire [now Kyiv, Kiev Oblast, Ukraine]. He was an actor, known for Krasnyy tyl (1924), Solistka Ego Velichestva (1927) and Mashinist Ukhtomskiy (1926). He died on 17 May 1951 in Kharkov, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [now Kharkiv, Ukraine].
- Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
Fred J. Robinson was born on 4 January 1885 in Canada. He was an assistant director, known for Widow by Proxy (1919), All Souls' Eve (1921) and Everything for Sale (1921). He died on 31 August 1939 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Charles Slattery was born on 4 January 1885 in New York, USA. He was an actor, known for Dream Street (1921), The Fair Pretender (1918) and Brother of the Bear (1921). He died on 17 April 1943 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA.
- Producer
- Director
James Freer was born on 4 January 1885 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, UK. James was a producer and director, known for Ten Years in Manitoba (1898), Cyclone Thresher at Work (1898) and Harnessing the Virgin Prairie (1898). James was married to Emily Jenkins. James died in December 1933 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.- James B. Jones was born on 4 January 1886 in Jefferson, Texas, USA. He was an actor, known for The Blood of Jesus (1941). He was married to Bertha Ora Morgan. He died on 23 March 1974 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Wilbur Pike was born on 4 January 1886 in Iowa, USA. He was an actor, known for Bear Facts (1938). He died on 17 December 1951 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Director
- Writer
- Actor
Armand Guerra was born on 4 January 1886 in Valencia, Spain. He was a director and writer, known for Batalla de damas (1928), Carne de fieras (1936) and Luis Candelas o El bandido de Madrid (1926). He died on 10 March 1939 in Paris, France.- Mary Mersch was born on 4 January 1887 in Los Angeles, California, USA. She was an actress, known for The Rainbow Trail (1918), Riders of the Purple Sage (1918) and The Dream Girl (1916). She was married to Tom Forman. She died on 26 February 1956 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Viljo Huttunen was born on 4 January 1887 in Toksova, Russia. He was an actor, known for Kolmastoista koputus (1945), Hiipivä vaara (1944) and Ballaadi (1944). He was married to Ester Aleksandra Hamara. He died on 6 October 1951.
- Natalie Lynn was born on 4 January 1888 in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. She was an actress, known for The Nudist Story (1960), BBC Sunday-Night Theatre (1950) and International Detective (1959). She was married to Percy Parsons. She died on 3 December 1964 in Isleworth, London, England, UK.