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- He grew up in poor circumstances and was denied higher education and university studies. Hebbel acquired his education autodidactically through constant reading while he worked as an errand boy and clerk for a church playmaster. His first poems were published in regional newspapers. In 1835 he went to Hamburg to prepare for studies. There he met Elise Lensing, his future lover, with whom he had two children. She and the writer Amalia Schoppe made it possible for him to stay in Hamburg. This period also marked the beginning of his diaries, in which he reflected on art, philosophy and his own works, and they also provide information about his life. They are among the most interesting remarks in 19th century literature. He stopped studying law in Heidelberg in 1836.
Hebbel went to Munich because he thought there would be better opportunities for his writing there. During this time he studied the great tragedies of Aeschylus, William Shakespeare and Friedrich Schiller. After an unsuccessful stay, he returned to Hamburg in 1839. There he worked as a reviewer and contributor to the "Telegraphen für Deutschland", a paper published by Karl Gotzkow. In 1840 Hebbel completed work on the tragedy "Judith", which established his reputation as a dramatic writer. In his polemic "My Word on Drama" (1843) he published his views on art and drama. In the same year he went on a trip to Paris, which he financed with a travel grant granted by the Danish king. There he met Heinrich Heine and the radical democrat Arnold Ruge. Further trips to Rome and Naples followed. In 1848 he finished an edition of poems that he dedicated to Ludwig Uhland.
His philosophical thoughts are reflected in the lyrical works, without developing them into pure abstract thought poetry. They are connected with reflections, personal and allegorical interpretations. From 1845 Hebbel lived in Vienna, where he also met his future wife, Christine Enghaus. They married in 1846. At the time of the revolution in 1848, the writer was already one of the well-known personalities in Vienna. As a zealous journalist, he championed the constitutional monarchy on a democratic basis. The marriage drama "Herod and Marianne" (1850) was also written during this time. In 1855 the drama "Agnes Bernauer" was published, which depicts the conflict between the individual right to freedom and love and the comprehensive state power. Here and in Hebbel's other dramas it becomes clear that the author addresses the concept of a lasting moral world order and uses less socio-historical change processes as a means of representation.
Hebbel consistently advocated independence for art. In the design of his dramatic works he followed the traditional structure. "Gyges and his Ring" was written in 1856. Hebbel was honored with the Schiller Prize in 1863 for the "Nibelungen" trilogy (1862). The national material and the author were particularly captured by the National Socialists in the Third Reich. This reception was damaging to the author. But criticism also came from colleagues, such as Gottfried Keller and other contemporaries. The accusations against Hebbel's material design were "artificial and complicated motivation" and "historical arbitrariness". On the other hand, there is the uniqueness of the "Nibelungen" design, which is based on the interplay of archaic size and a realism of individual psychological coloring.
In general, the mutual connection and interpenetration of the individual and the general is a basic literary tendency of Christian Friedrich Hebbel. The playwright gave the literary genre of tragedy a new dimension with "Maria Magdalena" (1844) and the conflict in the lower middle class world. His other works include "Genoveva" (1843), "The Diamond" (1847), "A Tragedy in Sicily" (1851), "Tales and Novellas" (1855), "Mother and Child" (1859) or "Demetrius" (1864).
Christian Friedrich Hebbel died on December 13, 1863 in Vienna. - Daniel Chonqadze was born on 18 March 1830 in Kvavili, Georgia, Russian Empire. Daniel was a writer, known for Suramis tsikhe (1922) and The Legend of Suram Fortress (1985). Daniel died on 29 June 1880 in Tbilisi, Georgia, Russian Empire.
- Augustus Henry Glossop Harris was an English playwright, theatrical impresario and actor who was knighted for his services to the theater. He was born on March 18, 1852 in Paris to the dramatist Augustus Glossop Harris and his wife Maria, a wardrobe designer. Augustus Henry was raised in London until returning to Paris at the age 12 to get his education.
He took over management of London's Drury Lane Theatre in 1879 and won the sobriquet "Father of Modern Pantomime". His first play, "The World" (co-written with Paul John Meritt and Henry Pettitt) was put on at the Drury Lane in 1880. He co-wrote many more plays with both Meritt and Pettitt singularly, never again as a trio; he also collaborated with Henry Hamilton multiple times and had other co-writers. Harris & Hamilton's 1889 play The Royal Oak (1923) was made into a movie in 1923, while their The Derby Winner (1915), which was co-written with Cecil Raleigh, 1895, was adapted for the screen in both 1915 and 1923
Harris's involvement in politics led to him becoming a member of the London County Council in 1890 and being appointed a sheriff in 1891. He also was a deputy lieutenant of the city of London. He was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1891.
Augustus Harris died at Folkestone, England on June 22, 1896 at the age of 44. He was buried in Brompton Cemetery, London. - Stéphane Mallarmé was born on 18 March 1842 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for Penthesilea: Queen of the Amazons (1974), Dream (2008) and Cher Mallarmé (1993). He was married to Marie Gerhard. He died on 9 September 1898 in Paris, France.
- Music Department
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Vincenzo Russo was born on 18 March 1876 in Naples, Italy. Vincenzo is known for Nine (2009), Lazzarella (1957) and Return to Me (2000). Vincenzo died on 11 June 1904 in Naples, Italy.- Music Department
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Rimsky-Korsakov was a navy officer but soon discovered his love for music. Since 1861 he belonged to the group of Balakirew but later he returned to the traditional way of composing. He combined uniquely the Russian folk songs with the music of the Orthodox Church. Rimsky-Korsakov wrote the first Russian symphony and Igor Strawinsky was one of his students.- Stephen Grover Cleveland was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office. He won the popular vote for three presidential elections-in 1884, 1888, and 1892-and was one of two Democrats (followed by Woodrow Wilson in 1912) to be elected president during the era of Republican presidential domination dating from 1861 to 1933.
- Actress
Donna Drew was born Donna A. Anderson in Salt Lake City, Utah. Her British father, Walter Anderson, worked for the railroad. Donna attended Salt Like City high school. At the age of eighteen she married twenty-seven year old actor Arthur Moon. The couple worked together in several stage productions before moving to Los Angeles. She quickly landed several bit parts. In 1917 she was signed by Universal and appeared in the drama The Flame Of Youth. Then she starred in The Lair Of The Wolf and Madame Spy with Jack Mulhall. Her performances got rave reviews and she seemed destined for stardom.
Meanwhile her husband Arthur had also become a successful film actor. During the Summer of 1918 she and Arthur went on a vaudeville tour together. While performing in Helena, Montana they both contracted Spanish influenza. Tragically on October 17, 1918 Arthur passed away. Donna was so sick that she was not told about her husband's death. Just one week later, on October 24, she died from acute pneumonia caused by influenza. She was only twenty-one years old. Donna and Arthur were both buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Salt Lake City, Utah. Her final film, The Ghost Girl, was released in 1919.- Writer
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British poet Wilfred Owen was born in 1893 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England. He attended London University, but moved to France in 1913 to escape the harsh English winters, which were bad for his health. He secured a job in Bordeaux as a tutor for a wealthy family and wrote a poetry book, "Minor Poems", which he never published.
When World War I broke out he returned to England and enlisted in the army, being assigned to a unit called the Artists Rifles. However, his poor health resulted in his being invalided out in 1917. He spent four months in a military hospital in Scotland, where he met Siegfried Sassoon. Sassoon took the young Owen under his wing, and after reading some of his poems encouraged Owen to continue with his writing. His health began to improve, so he began to study and lecture in Edinburgh, took part in concerts there and edited the hospital's in-house magazine. He eventually got a job as a major-domo in a hotel where many officers from his old unit were staying. When his health had recovered sufficiently he tried to find a post in England, but the army sent him back to France as a commander of front-line troops. He saw combat and was awarded the Military Cross for "gallantry under fire" in October of 1918. However, the next month while leading his men in an attack across the Sabre River in France, he was shot and killed.- A native of Sullivan County, Indiana, James Solomon Barcus was born March 18, 1863. Solomon, his father, was a blacksmith; his mother Martha was a granddaughter of Nathan Hinkle, the erstwhile Revolutionary War veteran. During his youth, the Barcus family struggled to make ends meet. Barcus dropped out of school frequently to work on his parents' farm. He finally earned a teaching certificate and taught at a school near Hymera, Indiana, for three years.
To better himself, he became a traveling book agent, peddling his wares by horse and buggy to farmers, preachers, doctors and lawyers. With scarcely enough money to pay railroad fare, he enrolled at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
Meanwhile, in 1884 he married Bettie Belle Tichenor, a native of Pierson Township in Vigo County, Indiana. Bettie's older brother William attended the University of Michigan, graduating from its law school in 1893. Barcus worked his way through college selling books. Sometimes he had to pawn his watch, a cherished heirloom, to advance freight expenses. By the time he graduated from Michigan in 1891, publisher R.S. Peale & Co. hired him. Soon he was a full partner. Two years later he co-founded Clarke, Barcus & Co. in New York and secured exclusive rights to print and distribute "The Century Dictionary and Encyclopedia." He also formed J.S. Barcus Co., a publishing firm, and was president of Globe Publishing Co.
Widely known by 1895, Barcus wrote "The Science of Selling," a practical guide for canvassers. The proceeds allowed him to enroll at Columbia University School of Law. Solomon J. Barcus was a fervent Republican. Raised in a hotbed of conservatism, James "spent his childhood fighting Democrats." During the 1896 presidential campaign, he wrote "The Boomerang", a satirical analysis of one of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan's speeches. The book was published by J.S. Barcus Co. The volume earned high praise among Republicans. By the time he earned a law degree in 1899, Barcus was 36 years old, affluent, a member of the Republican Party's committee on national affairs and an officer of several New York social clubs.
Though admitted to the New York bar, Barcus made an unconventional decision. In July 1899, James and Bettie Barcus bought a large home in Terre Haute, Indiana, and made it the most luxurious residence-law office in western Indiana. Barcus promptly became immersed in politics. When Republican Congressman George Washington Faris chose not to seek re-election in 1900, Barcus placed his hat in the ring to succeed him, campaigning on his record as a success as a publisher. He lost the nomination by three votes. Though residing in Indiana, Barcus maintained his New York publishing houses and acquired Success Magazine. In 1902, to support his political ambitions, he bought the Terre Haute Tribune, one of the city's daily newspapers, and was elected to the Indiana Senate.
"The Messages and Papers of Congress", a multi-volume set published by J.S. Barcus Co., made "enormous profit", triggering a congressional inquiry. Re-elected to the state senate, Barcus again tried to secure nomination to Congress. To aid that effort, he bought another local newspaper, the Terre Haute Gazette, and merged it with the Tribune, naming it the "Tribune-Gazette". When Holliday received the nomination again, Barcus abruptly resigned from the state legislature in September 1905 and returned to New York. He did retain his Terre Haute newspaper for several years afterwards.
Apparently his publishing empire continued to grow. His success persisted. Names associated with Barcus' triumphs include "The Classic Library of Famous Literature" and "The Consolidated Library". On April 13, 1914, "The Governor's Boss", an original play written by Barcus, opened at Charles Frohman's Gerrick Theater in New York. The next year, The Governor's Boss Photoplay Co. released a screen version of the play.
Before his death in Newark, New Jersey, at age 57 on May 3, 1920, Barcus wrote the novel, "The Repentance of Croesus", and published "The Governor's Boss" in novel form. - Richard Drasche-Wartinberg was born on 18 March 1850 in Vienna, Austria. He died on 14 July 1923 in Vienna, Austria.
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George Field was born on 18 March 1877 in San Francisco, California, USA. He was an actor and director, known for Blood and Sand (1922), Young Wild West's Mexican Mix-Up (1912) and Young Wild West Cornered by Apaches (1912). He was married to Winifred Greenwood. He died on 9 March 1925 in California, USA.- William Jennings Bryan is an American orator and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, running three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States in the 1896, 1900, and 1908 elections. He served in the United States House of Representatives and as the United States Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson.
Born and raised in Illinois, WilliamBryan moved to Nebraska in the 1880s. He won election to the House of Representatives in the 1890 elections, serving two terms before making an unsuccessful run for the Senate in 1894. The Democratic convention nominated Bryan for president, making Bryan the youngest major party presidential nominee in U.S. history. Subsequently, Bryan was also nominated for president by the left-wing Populist Party, and many Populists would eventually follow Bryan into the Democratic Party. In the intensely fought 1896 presidential election, Republican nominee William McKinley emerged triumphant. Bryan gained fame as an orator, as he invented the national stumping tour when he reached an audience of 5 million people in 27 states in 1896.
Bryan retained control of the Democratic Party and won the presidential nomination again in 1900. In the election, McKinley again defeated Bryan, winning several Western states that Bryan had won in 1896. Bryan's influence in the party weakened after the 1900 election and the Democrats nominated the conservative Alton B. Parker in the 1904 presidential election. Bryan regained his stature in the party after Parker's resounding defeat by Theodore Roosevelt and voters from both parties increasingly embraced the progressive reforms that had long been championed by Bryan. Bryan won his party's nomination in the 1908 presidential election, but he was defeated by William Howard Taft. Along with Henry Clay, Bryan is one of the two individuals who never won a presidential election despite receiving electoral votes in three separate presidential elections.
After the Democrats won the presidency in the 1912 election, Woodrow Wilson rewarded Bryan's support with the important cabinet position of Secretary of State. Bryan helped Wilson pass several progressive reforms through Congress. Bryan resigned from his post in 1915. - Cinematographer
Foster Leonard was born on 18 March 1891 in Encinitas, California, USA. Foster was a cinematographer, known for Dinty (1920). Foster died on 2 October 1925 in California, USA.- Mikael Lybeck was born on 18 March 1864 in Uusikaarlepyy, Finland. Mikael was a writer, known for Veli ja sisar (1966). Mikael was married to Louise Sanmark. Mikael died on 11 October 1925 in Grankulla, Finland.
- Emma Carus a beautiful and highly well-known contralto singing star who was in the cast of the original Ziegfeld Follies, frequently sang in vaudeville and Broadway theatre's in many musical dramas, appearing in 'Rally Round the Flag' at the Union Square Theatre in 1897. She appeared in only one film as herself in a short with some of the most popular celebraties of the day such as George M. Cohan, James J. Corbett, Marie Dressler, Eddie Foy and Annie Oakley and many more made by the Vitagraph Film Company in 1910. In 1911, Carus is said to have been largely responsible for helping introduce and popularize Irving Berlin's first major hit song 'Alexander's Ragtime Band' in Chicago, it especially became identified with her. Carus returned for a fourth year on the interstate Vaudeville circuit in 1914, this time she was accompanied by a dance partner, Carl Randall, she had a new stock of songs that included 'an Irish Suffragette'. Also notable for songwriting herself which includes 'Would You Be Satisfied Sally...' and also 'In the War of Hearts and Eyes'.
- Diana Miller was born Ruth Diana Moreland on March 18, 1902 in Seattle, Washington. Her parents divorced and she was raised by her mother Ella Moreland. When she was a teenager Diana moved to Los Angeles and became friends with actor Wallace Reid. He helped her get a job at the the Famous Players-Laskey studio. After working as an extra for five years the studio fired her. She was signed by Fox in 1924 and cast in the drama Honor Among Men. Diana quickly became one of the busiest actresses in Hollywood. In 1925 she appeared in nine films including The Hunted Woman, The Kiss Barrier, and The Fighting Heart with George O'Brien. The beautiful redhead was known for playing "heavy" roles and vamps.
She bought a charming home with large windows that looked out over Los Angeles. On November 26, 1925 Diana married director George Melford, who was twenty-five years older than her. Soon after she decided to quit acting and become a housewife. Her final film was the 1926 western The Cowboy and The Countess. Sadly in the Spring of 1927 she was diagnosed with tuberculosis. She spent more than six months in the Pottenger Sanitarium in Monrovia, California. Tragically on December 18, 1927 she died from a pulmonary hemorrhage caused by the tuberculosis. Diana was only twenty-five years old. She was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. - William Henry Hamby was born on 18 March 1875 in Wright County, Missouri, USA. He was a writer, known for Red Foam (1920), Percy (1925) and The Galloping Kid (1922). He was married to Edna Lodge Cornu. He died on 26 January 1928 in San Diego, California, USA.
- Lajos Szalkai was born on 18 March 1862 in Ópályi, Austria-Hungary [now Hungary]. He was an actor, known for Jobbra én, balra te (1918), Dracula's Death (1921) and Harrison és Barrison II (1918). He was married to Róza Kövesi. He died on 21 June 1930 in Budapest, Hungary.
- Ofelia Nieto was born on 18 March 1898 in Algete, Madrid, Spain. She was married to Felipe Cubas. She died on 22 March 1931 in Madrid, Spain.
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Maurice Abrahams was born on 18 March 1883 in Russia. He is known for The First Auto (1927), Singing on the Trail (1946) and Near the Rainbow's End (1930). He was married to Belle Baker. He died on 13 April 1931 in New York City, New York, USA.- Actor
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Brinsley Shaw was born on 18 March 1876 in New York City, New York, USA. He was an actor and director, known for Arsene Lupin (1917), Bucking the Truth (1926) and Sunlight and Shadows (1916). He was married to Helene C.. He died on 3 July 1931 in New York City, New York, USA.- Harriet Converse Tilden was an American English teacher, writer and business woman. As a young girl her family relocated to Chicago where her father became successful operating a business that transported live stock. She graduated from Cornell University in 1876 with a degree in English Literature after completing the four year course in less than three. In 1889, after her first marriage failed and her father had died, she became a teacher in the Chicago School System.
On 5 July, 1909 she married writer William Vaughn Moody at Wesleyan Methodist Church in Québec, Canada. When they had first met he was a Professor of English Literature at the University of Chicago. While most likely on their honeymoon, her husband became seriously ill on board a passenger ship in the South Atlantic. At first his illness mystified their doctors, but eventually they came to discover he had an inoperative brain tumor. William Vaughn Moody passed away at Colorado Springs on 17 October, 1910, less than fifteen months after they had married.
In the years follow her husband's death, she served as a writer and consultant on several films that were adapted from his works. Mrs. Moody became the first woman to serve as a trustee (1912-1922) at Cornell University. A patron the arts, she could count among her friends such poets as, John Masefield, Rabindranath Tagore, Padraic Colum and James Stephens. She was also known for assisting young poets, even to the point of letting them and their families into her home. In her 1948 book "A House in Chicago" Olivia H. Dunbar writes of Harriet Moody's romance and marriage with William Vaughn Moody and how, in the years following his death, her Chicago home became a mecca for many of the writers and intellectuals of that era.
Before the 1929 stock market crash greatly reduced her circumstances, she maintained a mansion in Chicago, an apartment in New York and a farm in New England. She owned a successful catering business with branches in both Britain and America that operated several French restaurants. After the crash she wrote the relatively successful "Mrs. William Vaughn Moody's Cookbook" and a newspaper column on cooking. She also donated her time teaching cooking classes to the deaf.
Mrs. Moody died in Chicago on 22 February, 1932 of bronchial asthma. - Rose Coghlan was born on 18 March 1851 in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England, UK. She was an actress, known for The Faded Flower (1916), As You Like It (1912) and The Sporting Duchess (1915). She was married to John T. Sullivan and Clinton J. Edgerly. She died on 2 April 1932 in Harrison, New York, USA.
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Joza Ivakic was born on 18 March 1879 in Vinkovci, Croatia, Austria-Hungary [now Croatia]. He was a director and writer, known for Birtija (1929) and Grjesnice (1930). He died on 7 August 1932 in Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia [now Croatia].- Ferdinand Gýra was born on 18 March 1861 in Prague, Cechy, Austrian Empire [now Czech Republic]. He was an actor, known for Dostavenícko ve mlýnici (1898) and Výstavní párkar a lepic plakátù (1898). He died on 15 June 1933 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- Endre Szeghõ was born on 18 March 1877 in Heves, Hungary. He was an actor, known for Aggyisten Biri! (1927), Növérek (1912) and Pán (1920). He died on 24 November 1933 in Budapest, Hungary.
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Jeanne Cheirel was born on 18 March 1869 in Paris, France. She was an actress, known for Le voyage de Monsieur Perrichon (1934), Le père Goriot (1921) and Miquette et sa mère (1933). She died on 2 November 1934 in Paris, France.- Pepi Lederer was born on 18 March 1910 in Chicago, Illinois, USA. She was an actress, known for The Cardboard Lover (1928). She died on 11 June 1935 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Horace Hazeltine was born on 18 March 1858 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. He was a writer, known for The Sable Lorcha (1915), The Iron Ring (1917) and Her Good Name (1917). He was married to Pearl M and Lillie Walton Dougherty. He died on 17 January 1938 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- C.B. Fernald was born on 18 March 1869 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He was a writer, known for The Pursuit of Pamela (1920). He was married to Margaret M. Hood and Josephine Harker. He died on 10 April 1938 in Dover, Kent, England, UK.
- Writer
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Ludwig Herzer was born on 18 March 1872 in Vienna, Austria. He was a writer, known for U-571 (2000), Das Land des Lächelns (1930) and Schön ist die Welt (1957). He died on 17 April 1939 in St. Gallen, Switzerland.- Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon was born on 18 March 1857 in London, England, UK. She was married to John Hamilton-Gordon. She died on 18 April 1939 in Rubislaw, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
- Duchess of Argyll Princess Louise was born on 18 March 1848 in London, England, UK. She was married to John Campbell. She died on 3 December 1939 in London, England, UK.
- Paul Guidé was born on 18 March 1884 in Paris, France. He was an actor, known for Les misérables (1925), Trompe-la-Mort (1914) and Les mystères de Paris (1922). He died on 16 October 1940 in Paris, France.
- Neville Chamberlain was born on 18 March 1869 in Edgbaston, Birmingham, England, UK. He was married to Anne de Vere Cole. He died on 9 November 1940 in Heckfield, Hampshire, England, UK.
- Adalbert Alexander Zinn was born on 18 March 1880 in Coburg, Germany. Adalbert Alexander was a writer, known for Die gute Sieben (1940) and Die gute Sieben (1959). Adalbert Alexander died on 17 April 1941 in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
- William Sulzer was born on 18 March 1863 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA. He was an actor, known for The Governor's Boss (1915), The Shame of the Empire State (1913) and Mutual Weekly, No. 13 (1913). He died on 6 November 1941 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Werner Mölders was born on 18 March 1913 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. He died on 22 November 1941 in Breslau, Silesia, Germany [now Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland].
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Talley was a foreign correspondent at the Paris bureau of The New York Herald before he became a producer for Fox Movietone News in New York City. His son is Truman Macdonald Talley.
Talley's granddaughter, Melanie De Voe Talley Whatley, has a documentary production company in New York City called Skye Films with her husband, Harlan Douglas Whatley.- Jennie Harris Oliver was born on 18 March 1864 in Lowell, Michigan, USA. She was a writer, known for Mokey (1942). She was married to Lucius Lloyd Oliver. She died on 3 June 1942 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
- Janina Górska was born on 18 March 1887 in Warsaw, Poland, Russian Empire [now Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland]. Janina was married to Artur Górski. Janina died on 1 May 1943 in Warsaw, General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region [now Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland].
- Eduard Sevcík was born on 18 March 1886 in Tomice, Cechy, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was an actor, known for O velkou cenu (1922), Hríchy lásky (1929) and Lesetínský kovár (1925). He died on 9 June 1943 in Prague, Protektorát Cechy a Morava [now Czech Republic].
- Gian Galeazzo Ciano, 2nd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari was an Italian diplomat and politician who served as Foreign Minister in the government of his father-in-law, Benito Mussolini, from 1936 until 1943. He was born in Livorno, Italy, in 1903. He was the son of Costanzo Ciano and his wife Carolina Pini; his father was an Admiral and World War I hero in the Royal Italian Navy (for which service he was given the aristocratic title of Count by Victor Emmanuel III). His son Galeazzo was accustomed to living a high-profile and glamorous life, which he maintained almost until the end of his life. Father and son both took part in Mussolini's 1922 March on Rome. After studying Philosophy of Law at the University of Rome, Galeazzo Ciano worked briefly as a journalist before choosing a diplomatic career; soon, he served as an attaché in Rio de Janeiro. On 24 April 1930, when he was 27 years old, he married Benito Mussolini's daughter Edda Mussolini, and they had three children (Fabrizio, Raimonda and Marzio), though he was known to have had several affairs while married. Soon after their marriage, Ciano left for Shanghai to serve as Italian consul. On his return to Italy in 1935, he became the minister of press and propaganda in the government of his father-in-law. Ciano volunteered for action in the Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1935-36) as a bomber squadron commander. He received two silver medals of valor and reached the rank of captain. His future opponent Alessandro Pavolini served in the same squadron as a lieutenant. Upon his highly trumpeted return from the war as a "hero" in 1936, he was appointed by Mussolini as replacement Foreign Minister. Ciano began to keep a diary a short time after his appointment and kept it active up to his 1943 dismissal as foreign minister. In 1937, he was allegedly involved in planning the murder of the brothers Carlo and Nello Rosselli, two exiled anti-fascist activists killed in the French spa town of Bagnoles-de-l'Orne on 9 June. Also in 1937, prior to the Italian annexation in 1939, Gian Galeazzo Ciano was named an Honorary Citizen of Tirana, Albania. Before World War II, Mussolini may have been preparing Ciano to succeed him as Duce. At the start of the war in 1939, Ciano did not agree with Mussolini's plans and knew that Italy's armed forces were ill-prepared for a major war. When Mussolini formally declared war on France in 1940, he wrote in his diary, "I am sad, very sad. The adventure begins. May God help Italy!" Ciano became increasingly disenchanted with Nazi Germany and the course of World War II, although when the Italian regime embarked on an ill-advised "parallel war" alongside Germany, he went along, despite the terribly-executed Italian invasion of Greece and its subsequent setbacks. Throughout 1941 and thereafter, Ciano made derogatory and sarcastic comments about Mussolini behind his back and was surprised that these comments were reported to the Duce, who did not take them lightly; for his part, Ciano ignored well meaning friends who advised moderation. On top of that, friends and acquaintances sought his protection and aid on various matters not having to do with his official position, which in turn resulted in further caustic remarks. In addition, two relatively minor incidents wounded his overblown self-importance and vanity. One was his being excluded from a projected meeting between Mussolini and Franco. The other involved in being reprimanded for a rowdy celebration of an aviator in Bari; he wrote a letter to Mussolini stating that the Duce had "opened a wound in him which can never be closed." His own self-worth seemed to cloud his judgment, forgetting that he had acquired his position by marrying the boss' daughter. In late 1942 and early 1943, following the Axis defeat in North Africa, other major setbacks on the Eastern Front, and with an Anglo-American assault on Sicily looming, Ciano turned against the doomed war and actively pushed for Italy's exit from the conflict. He was silenced by being removed from his post as foreign minister. The rest of the cabinet was removed as well on 5 February 1943. He was offered the post of ambassador to the Holy See, and presented his credentials to Pope Pius XII on 1 March. In this role he remained in Rome, watched closely by Mussolini. The regime's position had become even more unstable by the coming summer, however, and court circles were already probing the Allied commands for some sort of agreement. On the afternoon of 24 July 1943, Mussolini summoned the Fascist Grand Council to its first meeting since 1939, prompted by the Allied invasion of Sicily. At that meeting, Mussolini announced that the Germans were thinking of evacuating the south. This led Dino Grandi to launch a blistering attack on his longtime comrade. Grandi put on the table a resolution asking King Victor Emmanuel III to resume his full constitutional powers - in effect, a vote leading to Mussolini's ousting from leadership. The motion won by an unexpectedly large margin, with Ciano voting in favor. Mussolini's replacement was Pietro Badoglio, an Italian general in both World Wars. Mussolini did not think that the vote had any real value, and showed up at work the next morning like any other day. That afternoon, the king summoned him to Villa Savoia and dismissed him from office. Upon leaving the villa, Mussolini was arrested. For the next two months he was moved from place to place to hide him and prevent his rescue by the Germans. Ultimately, Mussolini was sent to Gran Sasso, a mountain resort in Abruzzo. He was kept in complete isolation in a hotel in Campo Imperatore until rescued by German paratroopers on 12 September 1943. Mussolini then set up a puppet government in the area of northern Italy still under German occupation called the Italian Social Republic. Ciano was dismissed from his post by the new government of Italy put in place after his father-in-law was overthrown. Ciano, Edda and their three children fled to Germany on 28 August 1943 in fear of being arrested by the new Italian government. The Germans turned him over to Mussolini's administration. He was then formally arrested on charges of treason. Under German and Fascist pressure, Mussolini had Ciano imprisoned before he was tried and found guilty. After the Verona trial and sentence, on 11 January 1944, Ciano was executed by a firing squad along with four others (Emilio De Bono, Luciano Gottardi, Giovanni Marinelli and Carlo Pareschi) who had voted for Mussolini's ousting.
- E.O. Plauen was born on 18 March 1903 in Untergettengrün, Saxony, Germany. He was a writer, known for Vater und Sohn (1982). He was married to Marigard Bantzer. He died on 6 April 1944 in Berlin, Germany.
- Edgar Evans Cayce was born on 18 March 1877 in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, USA. He died on 3 January 1945 in Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA.
- Doreen Pullen was born on 18 March 1921 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England, UK. She died on 12 March 1945 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England, UK.
- Luisa Ferida started as a stage actress and first appeared in films with La Freccia d'oro (1935) in a supporting role but because of her photogenic looks and talent as an actress, she soon graduated to leading parts at the end of the thirties. In 1939, whilst working on An Adventure of Salvator Rosa (1939) directed by the celebrated Alessandro Blasetti, she met Osvaldo Valenti. The pair became romantically involved and had a son. Valenti had been linked with many Fascist officials and personalities for years, and this is the reason why he featured on the partisans' hit list. He was finally arrested in Milan, alongside a pregnant Ferida in April 1945. They were both sentenced to be executed and shot immediately in the street.
- Hilda Castegren was born on 18 March 1864 in Stora Råby, Skåne län, Sweden. She was an actress, known for Hälsingar (1933), Halta Lena och Vindögda Per (1924) and Familjens traditioner (1920). She died on 24 September 1945.
- Cinematographer
- Camera and Electrical Department
Jacques Montéran was born on 18 March 1882 in Colombes, Hauts-de-Seine, France. Jacques was a cinematographer, known for The Common Law (1916), The Easiest Way (1917) and His Bridal Night (1919). Jacques was married to Catherine Arretche. Jacques died on 9 February 1947 in Sézanne, Marne, France.