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- Composer
- Soundtrack
Giuseppe Torelli was born on 22 April 1658 in Verona, Italy. Giuseppe was a composer, known for Ocean's Twelve (2004), Ready to Wear (1994) and Adored: Diary of a Porn Star (2003). Giuseppe died on 28 February 1709 in Bologna, Italy.- Writer
- Soundtrack
Henry Fielding was born April 22nd 1707, the son of Edmund Fielding, an impoverished nobleman who spent most of his time in and out of various debtor's prisons. After the death of their mother, Henry and his seven siblings were taken in by their maternal grandmother. He was a wild and willful young man, and after a brief stint abroad in a Dutch college, he moved to London and began writing plays. Though his works were very successful, Henry had inherited his father's inability to handle money, and he remained perpetually in debt. In 1734, after a four year courtship, he convinced a young lady named Charlotte Craddock to marry him. Henry was madly in love with Charlotte, and they enjoyed ten happy years of marriage before her death in 1744 of a fever. Henry mourned her deeply, and Sophia Western, the heroine of his novel "Tom Jones", was modeled on Charlotte. In 1747 he married his wife's former maid, Mary Daniel, who was six months pregnant with their child at the time. Known as a brawler, a drunkard, and a womanizer, Henry was nonetheless a prolific and energetic author.
When his health failed in 1754, he sailed to Lisbon, Portugal, hoping a warmer climate would improve his constitution. Instead, he contracted jaundice there and died two months after his arrival on October 8th 1754.- Immanuel Kant was born the fourth of ten children in a family of craftsmen in Königsberg.
Between 1732 and 1740 Kant attended the Friedrichskollegium in Königsberg. In 1737 his mother died. After leaving school, he studied natural sciences, mathematics, philosophy, theology and classical Latin literature at the Albertina University in Königsberg from 1740 to 1745. His father died in 1745, shortly before completing his studies. While he was still studying and doing his doctorate, Immanuel Kant worked as a tutor and tutor in the area around Königsberg to secure his family's livelihood. During this time he also published his first natural-philosophical texts such as "Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces" (1749). After this time, Kant never left Konigsberg for the rest of his life.
Nevertheless, he later led a sociable life. In the scientific, anonymously published work "General Natural History and Theory of the Heavens" (1755), Kant deals with the formation of the planetary system according to Newton's principles. In 1755 he completed his doctorate with a thesis on fire entitled "De igne". In the same year he completed his habilitation thesis "Nova Dilucidatio", a treatise on metaphysical principles, and began teaching as a private lecturer at the Albertina. His lecture subjects were varied: logic, ethics, metaphysics, mathematics, natural law, philosophical encyclopedia, pedagogy, mechanics, theology and anthropology. Kant's lectures were well attended. Again and again he tried to get a full professorship at the university, but this was rejected for a long time despite his high qualifications.
In the years from 1758 to 1762 Königsberg was occupied by the Russians. This period brought with it a relaxed social atmosphere in which Kant took part. He turned down a professorship for poetry at the Albertina. In 1766, in addition to his income from hearing aids and private tuition, he found another source of income when he accepted the position of assistant librarian at the royal palace library. He also declined an appointment at the University of Erlangen as a professor for logic and metaphysics, as well as that at the University of Jena. It was not until 1770 that Kant received a full professorship in logic and metaphysics at the University of Königsberg. In his inaugural lecture, he spoke about the topic "Sensual and Intelligible World". Here Kant separates sensual and intelligent knowledge, space and time are recognized as subjective forms of perception.
The topic of his inaugural speech became the basis for his main work "Critique of Pure Reason" (1781), on which he had worked for ten years. This was followed at shorter intervals by further critical writings such as "Critique of Practical Reason" (1788) or "Critique of Judgment" (1790). These works were intended as the cornerstone for an overall system of his philosophy, which, however, was only partially implemented. His article "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment", which appeared in the Berlin Monthly Magazine in 1784, became famous, as did Kant's catchy answer, which he summed up: "Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-inflicted immaturity". "The Critique of Pure Reason" surprised the reading public. The edition, of which another edition with changes appeared in 1787, was difficult to understand.
Kant remedied this by writing a more accessible edition in 1783 entitled "Prolegomena to any future metaphysics". In 1790 his writing "About a discovery according to which all new criticism of pure reason should be made superfluous by an older one" came out as a defense against school-philosophical attacks from the Leipniz-Wolffian corner. In 1786 Kant became a member of the Academy of Sciences. In 1795 his writing "Perpetual Peace" was published. In it Kant presents a utopian draft of a League of Nations. The work became a success. Two periods were recognizable in Kant's work: the pre-critical and, after the publication of his main work "Critique of Pure Reason" in 1781, the critical creative phase. The following stages of development became noticeable:
In his scientific phase from 1747 to 1755 he laid the foundation for his later theory of development. In his metaphysical phase he turned away from traditional Wolffian teaching and advocated a critical metaphysics. His critical philosophy began with his main work, followed by the stage of the post-critical creative period, including the work "Opus postumum", which was only published in 1938 and which combines Kant's criticism and the metaphysics of idealism. In his practical philosophy, Kant sees the "categorical imperative" as the supreme justification principle for morality and norms of action: "Only act according to that maxim through which you can also want it to become general law." In 1796 Kant gave his last lecture.
Immanuel Kant died in Koenigsberg on February 12, 1804. - Joseph Mallord William Turner was born on 22 April 1775 in Maiden Lane, London, England. He is known for Romantic Versus Classical Art (1973). He died on 19 December 1851 in Chelsea, London, England, UK.
- Jørgen Moe was born on 22 April 1813 in Hole, Province Buskerud, Norway. He was a writer, known for Anansi Storytime (2016), Jackanory (1965) and Reve-enka (1962). He was married to Johanne Fredrikke Sofie Sørensen. He died on 27 March 1882 in Kristiansand, Norway.
- Joseph Spillman was born on 22 April 1842 in Zug, Switzerland. Joseph was a writer, known for The Victim (1920) and Die Tat des Abbé Montmoulin (1922). Joseph died on 20 February 1905 in Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Doc Crane was born on 22 April 1846 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. He was an actor, known for Lord John's Journal (1915), Lord John in New York (1915) and The College Orphan (1915). He died on 17 April 1920 in California, USA.
- Sophie Pagay was born on 22 April 1860 in Brünn, Austria-Hungary. She was an actress, known for Deception (1920), Gentlemen-Gauner (1920) and Das Bildnis des Dorian Gray (1917). She died on 23 January 1937 in Berlin, Germany.
- Playwright and journalist Charles Haddon Chambers was born in Sydney, Australia, on April 22, 1860, to Irish immigrants. After graduating from school he took a government job with the New South Wales Civil Service, but left after a few years to be a stockrider in the outback.
At age 22 he left Australia for London, England, to try his hand at journalism. He also began writing plays, and it wasn't long before a comedy he wrote, "Captain Swift", was produced by Sir Beerbohm Tree at the Haymarket Theatre in 1888, and it was a hit. In 1890 another of his plays, "The Idler", was produced on Broadway in New York. Several of his plays were turned into films.
During World War I he worked for the British government turning out propaganda. He died of a stroke in London in 1921. - Howard Kyle was born on 22 April 1861 in Shullsburg, Wisconsin, USA. He was an actor, known for The Purple Lily (1918), National Red Cross Pageant (1917) and Wild Honey (1918). He was married to Amy Urcilla Hodges. He died on 1 December 1950 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Hayden Coffin was born on 22 April 1862 in Manchester, England, UK. He was an actor, known for School for Scandal (1930), It's Always the Woman (1916) and Queen of My Heart (1917). He was married to Adeline Hayden Coffin. He died on 8 December 1935 in Kensington, London, England, UK.
- Émile Duard was born on 22 April 1862 in Paris, France. He was an actor, known for Little Jack (1912), L'or (1934) and La brèche d'enfer (1923). He died on 12 January 1941 in Paris, France.
- Actor
- Writer
Brian Daly was born on 22 April 1863 in Hampstead, London, England, UK. He was an actor and writer, known for The Little Minister (1915), In the Ranks (1914) and The Yule Log (1914). He died on 28 April 1923 in St. Pancras, London, England, UK.- E. Holman Clark was born on 22 April 1864 in East Hothley, Sussex, England, UK. He was an actor, known for The Brass Bottle (1914), A Message from Mars (1913) and Once Aboard the Lugger (1920). He died on 7 September 1925 in London, England, UK.
- Halbert Brown was born on 22 April 1865 in Whitingham, Vermont, USA. He was an actor, known for My Four Years in Germany (1918), Please Help Emily (1917) and Open Your Eyes (1919). He died on 24 October 1942 in New York City, New York, USA.
- J. Frank Burke was born on 22 April 1867 in Hartland, Vermont, USA. He was an actor, known for The Iced Bullet (1917), Madcap Madge (1917) and The Italian (1915). He died on 23 January 1918 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Palle Rosenkrantz was born on 22 April 1867 in Helsingør, Denmark. He was a writer, known for Guldhornene (1914), Mirzi (1914) and Lejla (1914). He was married to Edle Christiane Nielsen. He died on 1 October 1941 in Charlottenlund, Denmark.
- Flora Disney was born on 22 April 1868 in Steuben, Ohio, USA. She was married to Elias Disney. She died on 26 November 1938 in North Hollywood, California, USA.
- Director
- Writer
- Additional Crew
A former newspaper writer and cartoonist, George D. Baker joined Vitagraph in 1913 as a director, and was the main director for the films of the studio's popular comedian John Bunny--of Bunny's 43 comedies at Vitagraph, Baker made 39 of them. Bunny left Vitagraph to return to the stage, and Vitagraph put Baker to work with comedian Jay Dwiggins, hoping to strike gold with him as they did with Bunny. It didn't work. Baker subsequently left Vitagraph and went to Metro Pictures, where he became the main director for star Viola Dana. He left the industry in 1924.- Vianna da Motta was born on 22 April 1868 in São Tomé & Príncipe, Africa. Vianna was a composer, known for Vianna da Motta, Cenas Portuguesas (1999). Vianna died on 31 May 1948 in Lisbon, Portugal.
- Additional Crew
- Writer
- Actor
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April 1870 - 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism.- Writer
- Director
- Producer
Born near Vienna in 1872, Reinert's early life is shrouded in mystery. He apparently became a successful novelist, publishing "Der Weg zur Sonne" (1906) and "Krieg" (1907). After 1900 he moved to Munich, where he joined Frank Wedekind's cabaret, "Die Elf Scharfrichter". His first film script was for director William Wauer at Projektions-Union A.G., Berlin, in 1915. He achieved a huge success with his script for Otto Rippert's six part fantasy film, Homunculus (1916), and was then hired by Decla-Bioscop to write and direct films for Maria Carmi. He became artistic supervisor at Decla-Bioscop, Berlin, producing over twenty films in 1917-1918. In July 1918 Reinert left Decla-Bioscop to form his own company, Robert Reinert Monumental-Film GmbH. In 1920 the company merged with several other Munich based production firms to form Münchner Lichtspielkunst Konzern (Emelka). In 1925, after the commercial failure of his last films, he joined Ufa as producer and scriptwriter. He died suddenly of a heart attack in August 1928 and was buried in Munich.- Henning Berger was born on 22 April 1872 in Stockholm, Sweden. He was a writer, known for The Way of All Men (1930), The Sin Flood (1922) and Die Maske fällt (1931). He died on 30 March 1924 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- W.C. Robinson was born on 22 April 1873 in Manhattan, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for The Wooing of Alice (1912), Winning Back His Love (1910) and Destiny Decides (1915). He died on 13 July 1942 in Maywood, California, USA.
- Stanley Lathbury was born on 22 April 1873 in Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England, UK. He was an actor, known for Volpone (1948), A Little Bit of Fluff (1919) and Counsel's Opinion (1933). He was married to Margarita Rosalie Rothwell. He died on 18 August 1965 in Eastbourne, Sussex, England, UK.
- Actor
- Director
Hans Homma was born on 22 April 1874 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary [now Austria]. He was an actor and director, known for The Hands of Orlac (1924), Die Puppe des Maharadscha (1924) and Der Roman zweier Herzen (1921). He died on 8 May 1943 in Vienna, Lower Austria, Austria [now Austria].- Ellen Glasgow was born on 22 April 1874 in Richmond, Virginia, USA. She was a writer, known for In This Our Life (1942), In This Our Life and Studio One (1948). She died on 21 November 1945 in Richmond, Virginia, USA.
- Actor
- Additional Crew
Viktor Haak was born on 22 April 1874. He was an actor, known for I mörkaste Småland (1943), The Girls in Smaland (1945) and Saltstänk och krutgubbar (1946). He died on 10 April 1969.- Actor
Ettore Campana was born on 22 April 1875 in Savignano Irpino, Campania, Italy. He was an actor. He was married to Esperanza Susanna deYbarrondo. He died on 26 June 1941 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- John Lowell was born on 22 April 1875 in Pleasant Valley, Iowa, USA. He was an actor, known for The Clouded Name (1919), Lost in a Big City (1923) and Floodgates (1924). He was married to Lillian Case Russell. He died on 20 September 1937 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Fernande Petit was born on 22 April 1877 in Paris, France. She was an actress, known for Le dernier pardon (1913), La dame de Monsoreau (1913) and Monsieur Lecoq (1914). She was married to Maurice Tourneur. She died on 4 May 1964 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Kitty Gordon was born on 22 April 1878 in Folkestone, Kent, England, UK. She was an actress, known for The Wasp (1918), The Scar (1919) and Forget-Me-Not (1917). She was married to Ralph Ranlet, Captain Henry W.W.H. Beresford, Michael Levenston and Maxwell James. She died on 26 May 1974 in Brentwood, Long Island, New York, USA.
- Mary Cleo Tarlarini was born on 22 April 1878 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy. She was an actress, known for La Gioconda (1912), For the Queen's Honor (1913) and Estremo convegno (1915). She died on 22 October 1954 in Tivoli, Lazio, Italy.
- Guido Schützendorf was born on 22 April 1880 in Vught, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands. He is known for Das Gelübde der Keuschheit (1919), Nixenzauber (1918) and Der Mut zur Sünde (1918).
- Józefina Bielska was born on 22 April 1882 in Lemberg, Galicia, Austria-Hungary [now Lviv, Ukraine]. She was an actress, known for Skandal na ulicy Szopena (1911), Kosz primadonny (1911) and Dzien kwiatka (1911). She died on 10 May 1964 in Skolimów, Konstancin-Jeziorna, Mazowieckie, Poland.
- Katherine Kenworthy was born on 22 April 1882 in Michigan, USA. She was an actress, known for Wyoming Outlaw (1939). She died on 16 April 1979 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Kálmán Ujj was born on 22 April 1883 in Kassa, Austria-Hungary. He was an actor, known for Az utolsó hajnal (1917), Das Spiel mit dem Tode (1918) and Az anyaszív (1917). He was married to Juliska Dinnyési. He died on 4 December 1921 in Budapest, Hungary.
- Actor
- Writer
- Composer
Carl Clewing was born on 22 April 1884 in Schwerin, Germany. He was an actor and writer, known for Ein Sommernachtstraum in unserer Zeit (1914), Every Day Isn't Sunday (1935) and Sumurun (1920). He died on 15 May 1954 in Badenweiler, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.- Terentiy Yura was born on 22 April 1884 in Fedvar, Aleksandriya uyezd, Yelizavetgrad Governorate, Russian Empire [now Podlesnoye, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine]. He was an actor, known for Volchi tropy (1930), Ivan (1932) and Karmeliuk (1938). He died on 9 May 1973 in Kiev, Kiev Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [now Kyiv, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine].
- Writer
- Script and Continuity Department
John Russell was an American journalist, short story writer, and screenwriter from Iowa. He is primarily remembered for scripting the acclaimed silent films "The Iron Horse" (1924) and "The Sorrows of Satan" (1926). He was also an uncredited co-writer for the gothic horror film "Frankenstein" (1931), which was his last known film.
In 1885, Russell was born in Davenport, Iowa. Davenport was a commercial railroad hub in the 19th century, connected through the Rock Island Railroad with the boom-town of Chicago, Illinois. Russel started working as a journalist for the news agency "New York City News Association" and was later hired by the newspaper "New York Tribune".
In 1910, Russell published the fiction story "The Society Wolf" under a pseudonym. He started writing short stories for various magazines and newspapers. Some of them were reprinted in the short story collection "The Red Mark and Other Stories" (1919). During the 1920s and early 1930s, he published the books "In Dark Places" (1923), "Far Wandering Men" (1929), and "Cops 'N Robbers" (1930s).
Russell started working as a screenwriter in the 1920s, also working as a consultant in adaptations of his own stories. He was the scriptwriter for "The Iron Horse" (1924), the first major film in the career of young director John Ford. The film narrated the construction of the first transcontinental railroad (constructed between 1863 and 1869), and highlighted the backbreaking work provided by impoverished immigrants.
Among Russell's most famous films was "Beau Geste" (1926). In the film, a self-exiled Englishman joins the French Foreign Legion. He survives a mutiny by fellow soldiers, but is mortally wounded in a siege. His posthumous letter reveals that he had taken the blame for a theft to protect a beloved aunt. The film was popular at the time of its release, and inspired a scene-for-scene remake in 1939.
Russel also scripted the fantasy film "The Sorrows of Satan" (1926). In the film, Satan takes human form and convinces a struggling writer to place his fate in Satan's hands. The writer becomes a social climber, and his patron demon arranges for him a loveless marriage to a Russian princess. The writer eventually rejects Satan's promises, and chooses his own romantic partner. The film was a success for director D. W. Griffith, and is well-regarded by later generations of critics.
Russell's writing career abruptly ended in the 1930s. He lived the rest of his life in obscurity. In 1956, Russell died in Santa, Monica California, two weeks prior to his 71st birthday. Some of his films were later chosen for preservation by the National Film Registry. However, several of his other films are considered lost.- W. Carey Wonderly was born on 22 April 1885 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. W. Carey was a writer, known for Street Girl (1929), That Girl from Paris (1936) and The World to Live In (1919). W. Carey died on 14 December 1931.
- Lillian Ten Eyck was born on 22 April 1886 in New Jersey, USA. She was an actress, known for Sandra (1924) and Moonlight and Monkey Business (1930). She died on 6 December 1966 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Pete Gordon was born on 22 April 1887 in Naples, Italy. He was an actor, known for Lady of Burlesque (1943), Sunset Murder Case (1938) and Youth and Adventure (1925). He died on 25 May 1943 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Mir Jam (real name Milica Jakovljevi) is Serbian author born April 22, 1887 in Jagodina , spent her childhood in Kragujevac and later in life moved to Belgrade . Mir Jam started her career as journalist . She wrote period novels and short stories set in period between two world wars.
Her work consists of easy-to-read love stories written in very picturesque and descriptive style, which brings her constant popularity to this day. The value of her work lies in detailed and realistic representation of everyday life in Yugoslavia between the World Wars. Because of this, she was nicknamed Serbian Jane Austen.
She was fluent in Russian and French. Although she frequently wrote about marriage, she was never married. She died in Belgrade on December 22, 1952. Mir-Jam was the sister of writer Stevan Jakovljevic. - James Norman Hall was born on 22 April 1887 in Colfax, Iowa, USA. James Norman was a writer, known for The Hurricane (1937), Mutiny on the Bounty (1935) and Mutiny on the Bounty (1962). James Norman was married to Sarah Winchester. James Norman died on 6 July 1951 in Vaipoopoo, Tahiti.
- Totón Podestá was born on 22 April 1887 in Montevideo, Uruguay. He was an actor, known for El hombre que nació dos veces (1938), Mi Buenos Aires querido (1936) and De nuestras pampas (1923). He died in 1972 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Alina Gryficz-Mielewska was born on 22 April 1887 in Miedzeszyn, Poland, Russian Empire [now Miedzeszyn, Wawer, Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland]. She was an actress, known for Die Brüder Karamasoff (1920) and Lokaj (1919). She died on 24 April 1946 in Lódz, Lódzkie, Poland.
- English actress Flora Morris born in the early 1890's. She began working in pantomime shows and drama theatre from the late 1900's. Joined the Cecil Hepworth stock film company in 1910, beautiful brunette who starred in at least 60 drama, crime and comedy films, first working under the direction of Lewin Fitzhamon in 'Lust for Gold' perhaps her most memorable roles was as Rose Maylie in Thomas Bentley's 'Oliver Twist' starring Ivy Millais in the title role in 1912 and also played Effie Deans in 'The Heart of Midlothian's' directed by Frank Wilson and co-starring Violet Hopson and Alma Taylor in 1914. Flora left the Hepworth Film Co at the end of 1914 and moved to Michaelson Film Co and then the Venus Film Co and in 1916 began working for the Ideal Film Co in 'Whoso Is Without Sin' directed by Fred Paul, starring Hilda Moore and Milton Rosmer, afterwards she seems to have vanished from the screen.
- John I. Booker was born on 22 April 1887. He was an actor, known for Back to Nature (1911) and The Judge's Story (1911). He died on 18 January 1982 in New Rochelle, New York, USA.
- W.H. Buchman was born on 22 April 1887 in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. He was an actor, known for Maid of the Mist (1915). He died on 3 March 1975 in Riverside, California, USA.