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Henry VIII (28 June 1491 - 28 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disagreement with Pope Clement VII about such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation, separating the Church of England from papal authority. He appointed himself Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolved convents and monasteries, for which he was excommunicated. Henry is also known as "the father of the Royal Navy", as he invested heavily in the navy, increasing its size from a few to more than 50 ships, and established the Navy Board.- Sir Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium). He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens's highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emphasized movement, co-lour, and sensuality, which followed the immediate, dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens was a painter producing altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects. He was also a prolific designer of cartoons for the Flemish tapestry workshops and of frontispieces for the publishers in Antwerp.
- Writer
- Music Department
- Additional Crew
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born on 28 June 1712 in Geneva, Switzerland. He was a writer, known for The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969), 4 Days in France (2016) and Le Devin du Village (1962). He was married to Thérése Levasseur. He died on 2 July 1778 in Ermenonville, France.- Franklyn McLeay was born on 28 June 1864 in Watford, Upper Canada, Canada. He was an actor, known for King John (1899). He was married to Grace Warner. He died on 6 July 1900 in St Pancras, Middlesex, London, England, UK'.
- Otto Julius Bierbaum was born on 28 June 1865 in Grünberg, Silesia, Germany [now Zielona Góra, Lubuskie, Poland]. He was a writer, known for Prinz Kuckuck - Die Höllenfahrt eines Wollüstlings (1919) and Der lustige Ehemann (1903). He was married to Gemma Pruneti-Lotti and Gusti Rathgeber. He died on 1 February 1910 in Dresden, Germany.
- Mary Stewart was born on 28 June 1872 in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. She was an actress, known for La Belle Russe (1914). She was married to Spencer Houghton Cone (theatrical agent). She died on 23 November 1916 in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
- Jan Holtrop was born on 28 June 1862 in Midwolde, Groningen, Netherlands. He was an actor, known for Ontmaskerd (1915), Silvia Silombra (1913) and Zijn viool (1914). He died on 24 January 1917 in Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands.
- William Courtleigh Jr. was born on 28 June 1892 in Buffalo, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for Neal of the Navy (1915), The Better Man (1914) and Out of the Drifts (1916). He was married to Ethel Fleming. He died on 13 March 1918 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Sigurd Von Koch was born on 28 June 1879 in Ägnö, Tyresö, Stockholms län, Sweden. He was a writer, known for Minlotsen (1915). He died on 16 March 1919 in Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden.
- Gustav Schönwald was born on 28 June 1868 in Berlin, Germany. Gustav was a director, known for Die Nacht der Entscheidung (1917), Die Schaffnerin der Linie 6 (1915) and Seine eigene Frau (1915). Gustav died on 25 August 1919 in Lankwitz, Berlin, Germany.
- American novelist Emerson Hough was born in Newton, IA, in 1857. After graduating from Newton High School in 1875 he attended the University of Iowa, attaining a bachelor's degree in philosophy in 1880. He later studied law and was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1882, which was also the year in which he had his first work published--an article in "Forest and Stream" titled "Far From the Madding Crowd".
Moving to White Oaks, NM, he opened a law practice there and also wrote for the local newspaper, "The Golden Era". He returned to Newton 18 months later due to his mother's illness, where he wrote "The Story of the Outlaw: A Study of the Western Desperado". Among the outlaws and lawmen covered in the book were Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid. When Garrett killed Billy in New Mexico, Hough moved back there and struck up a friendship with Garrett.
Hough moved around the country working for various newspapers. In 1899 he was hired as western editor for "Forest and Stream" magazine. The publisher of that publication, George Bird Grinnell, was a noted conservationist--he founded the Audubon Society--and Hough was an enthusiastic adherent of that movement. "Forest and Stream" assigned him to survey Yellowstone Natonal Park in the winter of 1893, providing him with a guide and arranging for a military escort from Fort Yellowstone to accompany them. Hough's survey revealed that, among other things, the park's buffalo herd, which was thought to number close to 1000, was barely 100, mainly due to poaching. Hough's revelations resulted in many eastern newspapers taking up the anti-poaching cause, and in 1894, due largely to Hough's efforts, the US Congress passed a law making poaching in national parks a criminal offense, which up to that time it wasn't. Hough and others also lobbied for the creation of a national park system, and the National Park Service was eventually created in 1916.
Hough had his first novel, "The Mississippi Bubble", published in 1902, which became a best-seller. Many novels followed, all set in the west and fiercely protective of the land and its people, often railing against the moneyed interests that wished to exploit them. To that end he worked on the presidential campaign of Theodore Roosevelt in the 1916 elections. During World War I he served as a captain in the US Army's intelligence service.
He died in Evanston, IL, in 1923, shortly after seeing the premiere of The Covered Wagon (1923), an epic film based on his 1922 best-selling novel of the same name. - Kay Laurel was born Ruth M. Leslie on June 28, 1890 in Erie, Pennsylvania. Sadly her father George died when she was eight. She briefly worked as a telephone operator. Then she moved to New York City and became an artist's model. Kay started dating George Messinger, a merchant from San Francisco. When he broke up with her in 1913 she sued him for $25,000 for breach of promise. Florenz Ziegfeld discovered her in 1914 and offered her a role in the Ziegfeld Follies. The shapely brunette caused a sensation when she appeared as a semi-nude Aphrodite in the opening of the show. Kay quickly became famous for her perfect figure and her willingness to be nude on stage. Florenz Ziegfeld said she was "the embodiment of feminine beauty." At the height of her popularity she was earning $500 a week. She married producer Winfield Sheehan in 1916 and retired from the stage. They had a very rocky relationship and legally separated in 1918.
That Spring she returned to the Ziegfeld Follies. Kay made her film debut in the 1919 drama The Brand. Then she appeared in the films The Valley Of The Giants and Lonely Heart. Unfortunately she wasn't offered any other film roles. Kay starred in the Broadway shows Quarantine and Nocturne. She also performed vaudeville. In 1925 she moved to Europe and acted with a French stock company. She fell in love with Joseph Whiteside Boyle, a businessman, and moved to London, England. The couple wanted to get married but she was still legally married to Winifred Sheehan. She became pregnant in the Spring of 1926. Tragically on January 31, 1927 she died shortly after giving birth. When she was told it was a boy she spoke her last words "That is just what I wanted." Kay was only thirty-six years old. Her body was cremated in London. The press falsely reported that she had died from pneumonia. She left her entire $100,000 estate to her fiance who raised their son Joseph Kay Boyle. - Director
- Writer
Reinhard Bruck was born on 28 June 1885 in Prague, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was a director and writer, known for The Oath of Stephan Huller (1921), Puppen des Todes (1920) and Zouza (1911). He died on 5 June 1929 in Berlin, Germany.- Additional Crew
William E. Barton was born on 28 June 1861 in Illinois, USA. William E. died on 7 December 1930 in Foxboro, Massachusetts, USA.- William Courtleigh was born on 28 June 1867 in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. He was an actor, known for Madame X (1920), Eyes of Youth (1919) and The Birth of Character (1916). He was married to Edna Conroy (actress). He died on 27 December 1930 in Rye, New York, USA.
- Jaroslav Auerswald was born on 28 June 1870 in Zleby, Cechy, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was an actor, known for Pepánek nezdara (1925). He died on 29 January 1931 in Brno, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- E.J. Carroll was born on 28 June 1868 in Gatton, Queensland, Australia. E.J. was a producer, known for The Shadow of Lightning Ridge (1921), The Blue Mountains Mystery (1921) and The Jackeroo of Coolabong (1920). E.J. died on 28 July 1931 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Luigi Pirandello was born on 28 June 1867 in Girgenti, Sicily, Italy [now Agrigento, Sicily, Italy]. He was a writer, known for The Late Mathias Pascal (1925), Ma non è una cosa seria (1936) and Der Mann, der nicht nein sagen kann (1938). He was married to Antonietta Portulano. He died on 10 December 1936 in Rome, Lazio, Italy.
- Joe Smith was born on 28 June 1902 in Ripley, Ohio, USA. Joe died on 2 December 1937 in Central Islip, Suffolk, New York, USA.
- Walter Ackerman was born on 28 June 1881 in New York City, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for A Midsummer Night's Dream (1909), Back to God's Country (1927) and Aflame in the Sky (1927). He died on 12 December 1938 in Bishop, California, USA.
- Kempton Greene was born on 28 June 1889 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. He was an actor, known for A Question of Right (1914), Fool's Gold (1919) and Millionaire Billie (1916). He died on 17 May 1939 in Trenton, New Jersey, USA.
- Otis Skinner was born on 28 June 1858 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. He was an actor, known for Kismet (1930), Kismet (1920) and Tom's Little Star (1919). He was married to Maud Durbin. He died on 4 January 1942 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Director
- Art Director
Paul Legband was born on 28 June 1876 in Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick [now Lower Saxony], Germany. Paul was a director and art director, known for Aus eines Mannes Mädchenjahren (1919), König Nicolo (1919) and Spuk auf Schloß Kitay (1920). Paul died on 1 May 1942 in Hamburg, Germany.- Cinematographer
- Camera and Electrical Department
Ralph Merollo was born on 28 June 1880. He was a cinematographer, known for The Broken Coin (1915) and Fatherhood (1915). He died on 23 January 1943 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Tichadel was born on 28 June 1901 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. He was an actor, known for Les rois de la flotte (1938), Deux de la réserve (1938) and Ici l'on pêche (1941). He died on 11 December 1944 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.
- Hilde Gebühr was born on 28 June 1910 in Dresden, Saxony, Germany. She was an actress, known for Die Wasserteufel von Hieflau (1932), Johannisnacht (1933) and Rivalen der Luft - Ein Segelfliegerfilm (1934). She died on 26 April 1945 in Schlehdorf am Kochelsee, Germany.
- Born in Auvergnac, France, on June 28, 1883, Pierre Laval graduated college with a law degree and went into business. He was elected to the French parliament as a Socialist in 1903, and when war broke out in 1914 he enlisted in the French army. The war had apparently changed his political beliefs, however, as after the war he was re-elected to the French Chamber of Deputies but this time as a hardline right-wing conservative. He was at one point the French foreign minister and was prime minister twice, from 1931 to 1932 and from 1935 to 1936. As prime minister in 1935, he and the British foreign secretary worked out an agreement to try to end the crisis begun by Italy's invasion of Ethiopia. However, when details of the pact, which gave Italy almost everything it wanted and gave Ethiopia virtually nothing, were leaked to the press, the resulting public outrage resulted in both men resigning their posts.
Laval left government service and began to amass a fortune as a media mogul, controlling newspapers, magazines, publishing companies and radio stations (although in interviews he often referred to himself as "just a poor peasant from Auvergnac", in reality he was a multi-millionaire and had been for quite a while). When the German army attacked and occupied France in 1940, Laval used all the influence at his disposal to support aging and somewhat senile World War I hero Philippe Pétain as head of the French collaborationist government, which was based in the town of Vichy and was tasked by the Germans with ruling that part of France not occupied by the German army, although the Germans had final say over the Vichy government's actions and policies. Not only was Laval instrumental in installing Pétain as head of the Vichy government, but he used his money and influence to persuade the National Assembly to give the old general absolute power. Two days after Pétain was granted those powers, Laval--who had long been suspect in France as a Nazi sympathizer--was named head of the government and first in line as Pétain's legal successor, and soon afterward he met with Adolf Hitler, proposing that the two governments should work together even more closely than they were. He later met with Nazi Air Force commander Hermann Göring and proposed a military alliance between the two countries. Laval's actions soon became too much for even many Vichy collaborationists to stomach, and in December of 1940 Pétain was persuaded to order Laval's firing and arrest. However, the Nazis speedily sent German troops to rescue him and Laval was rushed to Paris under German protection. Even that, however, didn't stop a young French student from pumping four bullets into Laval during an assassination attempt. Although gravely wounded, he eventually recovered, and Pétain, under heavy pressure from the Germans, re-installed Laval as head of the Vichy government.
Back in power and firmly under the protection of the German occupation authorities, Laval began a program of "cleansing" France of Jews, and ordered French police to round up all the Jews without French citizenship they could find and turn them over to the German authorities. He also came up with a program--widely hated in France--in 1942 that sent skilled French laborers such as carpenters, machinists, etc., to Germany in exchange for German repatriation of French POWs captured in the 1940 invasion. He also granted the Nazi Gestapo--the dreaded secret police--the authority to hunt down French resistance fighters in occupied France and, in addition, ordered his own Vichy police to help them. To that end he created the Milice, a police agency charged with hunting down and capturing Jews without French citizenship and "leftist" activists and deporting them to Nazi Germany. The Milice eventually grew to more than 30,000 men and gained a reputation for brutality and ruthlessness that alienated even many Vichy supporters.
The Vichy government's fortunes, along with Laval's, changed drastically after the June 1944 invasion of Europe by Allied armies. In May 1945 Laval saw the writing on the wall and fled to Spain. He was caught by Spanish authorities, who interned him in Barcelona and on July 30th turned him over to the new French government of Gen. Charles de Gaulle.
Tried for treason, aiding the enemy, violating state security and a host of other crimes, Laval was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was executed by firing squad in a prison yard in Paris on October 15, 1945. - James H. McNamara was born on 28 June 1891 in Hartford, Connecticut, USA. He was an actor, known for Lady from Louisiana (1941), One Man's Law (1940) and Auto Antics (1939). He died on 4 July 1946 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Costume and Wardrobe Department
Bill Durant was born on 28 June 1894 in Kansas, USA. He died on 13 August 1946 in Tujunga, California, USA.- Pavla Stolzová was born on 28 June 1877 in Prague, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republik]. She was an actress, known for Bláhové devce (1938), Rozkosný príbeh (1937) and Lízin let do nebe (1937). She died on 27 January 1948 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- Composer
- Soundtrack
Oley Speaks was born on 28 June 1874 in Canal Winchester, Ohio, USA. Oley was a composer, known for Metro Movietone Revue (1929), The Way to Mandalay (2018) and Just Like the Men (2020). Oley died on 27 August 1948 in New York City, New York, USA.- János Koller was born on 28 June 1882 in Komárom, Austria-Hungary [now Hungary]. He was an actor, known for Baccarat (1919), A börzekirály (1915) and Sárga csikó (1914). He died on 18 September 1948 in Budapest, Hungary.
- Freddy Anderson was born on 28 June 1903 in Australia. He was an actor, known for Half Way to Heaven (1929). He died on 21 April 1949 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Weiß-Ferdl was born on 28 June 1883 in Altötting, Bavaria, Germany. He was an actor, known for The Two Seals (1934), The Champion Shot (1932) and Der Lachdoktor (1937). He died on 19 June 1949 in Munich, Germany.
- Beth Taylor was born on 28 June 1888 in New York, USA. She was an actress, known for The Prairie (1947) and The Ranch Girl's Trial (1912). She died on 1 March 1951 in Hollywood, California, USA.
- Writer
- Director
- Producer
Robert Emmett Tansey was born on 28 June 1897 in Brooklyn [now in New York City], New York, USA. He was a writer and director, known for Badman's Gold (1951), Timber Terrors (1935) and Courage of the North (1935). He was married to Kitty. He died on 17 June 1951 in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA.- Giuseppe Mulè was born on 28 June 1885 in Termini Imerese, Sicily, Italy. He was a composer, known for Second Childhood (1939), Lucrezia Borgia (1940) and Jeanne Doré (1938). He died on 10 September 1951 in Rome, Lazio, Italy.
- Actress
- Soundtrack
She was one rowdy, no-holds-barred entertainer. Comedienne Polly Moran was considered second only to perhaps Louise Fazenda as Mack Sennett's funniest lady during her silent-era heyday. Born in 1883, Polly was made for vaudeville, touring all over the world, notably Europe. Sennett snapped her up in 1915 and she clowned around for him for several years in scores of his classic one- and two-reelers. At age 40 she, just by happenstance, paired up with, of all people, equally homely and down-to-earth Marie Dressler. The two scene-stealing man-chasers created comedy magic together as a cinematic MGM team, riotous in their eight films together including The Callahans and the Murphys (1927), their first, Chasing Rainbows (1930), Caught Short (1930), and Politics (1931). Sound was not quite the kick in the pants Polly had experienced in silents but she survived, trooper that she was, in both servile and dowager roles. By the 40s, however, she had been reduced to a smattering of bit parts. A small but showy role in Adam's Rib (1949) might have sparked a possible resurgence, but Polly died of heart problems into her 69th year before she was able to seize the moment.- Director
- Writer
Berthold Viertel was born on 28 June 1885 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He was a director and writer, known for Nora (1923), Die heilige Flamme (1931) and Seven Faces (1929). He was married to Elisabeth Neumann-Viertel, Salka Viertel and Grete Rouszicka. He died on 24 September 1953 in Vienna, Austria.- Carmen Cartellieri was born on 28 June 1891 in Prossnitz, Moravia, Austria-Hungary [now Prostejov, Czech Republic]. She was an actress, known for The Hands of Orlac (1924), Parema - Das Wesen aus der Sternenwelt (1922) and Kettös álarc alatt (1918). She died on 17 October 1953 in Vienna, Austria.
- Charles Leslie was born on 28 June 1893 in South Hornsey, London, England, UK. He was an actor, known for The Mikado (1926). He was married to Nancy Ray. He died on 19 October 1953 in Putney, London, England, UK.
- Actor
- Director
Thomas R. Mills was born on 28 June 1878 in Lambeth, London, England, UK. He was an actor and director, known for It's Love I'm After (1937), The Girl in His House (1918) and An American Live Wire (1918). He was married to Mildred Meade. He died on 29 November 1953 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA.- Admiral Blandy was the head of the Navy's Bureau of Ordinance in the early stages of World War II; later commanding an amphibious task group in the central Pacific. In late 1945, he was given command of Joint Task Force 1 which carried out atomic bomb tests in Bikini atoll in the summer of 1946.
- Actress
Florence Howard was born on 28 June 1888 in Pennsylvania, USA. She was an actress. She died on 10 August 1954 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Torsten Hillberg was born on 28 June 1892 in Gothenburg, Västra Götalands län, Sweden. He was an actor, known for Mästerman (1920), Löjtnantshjärtan (1942) and En flicka för mej (1943). He was married to Linnéa Hillberg. He died on 28 August 1954 in Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden.
- Jacques Vanaire was born on 28 June 1888 in Antwerp, Belgium. He was an actor, known for Le spectre vert (1930), Fashions in Love (1929) and I Met Him in Paris (1937). He died on 15 September 1954 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Garoto was born on 28 June 1915 in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. He was an actor, known for Céu azul (1941). He died on 3 May 1955 in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Actor
Roger Laswell was born on 28 June 1908 in Lexington, Kentucky, USA. He was an actor. He died on 10 May 1956 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Adrian Rollini was born on 28 June 1903 in New York, USA. He died on 15 May 1956 in Homestead, Florida, USA.
- Edward Cooper was born on 28 June 1883 in Bolton, England, UK. He was an actor, known for The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), Officer Thirteen (1932) and The Son of the Wolf (1922). He was married to Ethel Griffies. He died on 15 July 1956 in Surrey, England, UK.