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1-50 of 1,457
- Wilfrid Laurier was born on 20 November 1841 in St. Lin, Québec, Canada. He was married to Zoe Lafontaine. He died on 17 February 1919 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Queen Margherita was born on 20 November 1851 in Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia [now Piedmont, Italy]. She was married to King Umberto. She died on 4 January 1926 in Bordighera, Liguria, Italy.
- Actor
- Director
- Writer
Camillo De Riso was born on 20 November 1854 in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies [now Campania, Italy]. He was an actor and director, known for Nanà (1917), La principessa (1917) and Armiamoci e... partite! (1915). He died on 2 April 1924 in Rome, Lazio, Italy.- Writer
- Additional Crew
Lagerlöf made her debut in 1891 with The Gösta Berling saga, a story about her own region, Värmland and her home, the country manor Mårbacka. With her novel she starts the wave of romantic nationalist literature in Sweden of the 1890s. Her novel Jerusalem (1901-02) is about religious emigrants from Sweden to Palestine. She is the author of Sweden's most read novel, The Adventures of Nils Holgerssons (1906), a story about a boy traveling across Sweden on the back of a goose. Her stories often evolve around folklore and supernatural events. One of the peaks in her career was her novel The Emperor of Portugal (1914). In 1907 she got a honorary degree at the University of Uppsala, in 1909 she got the Nobel Prize and 1914 she became a member of the Swedish Academy. Her home Mårbacka is now a museum visited by thousands of tourists every year.- Nellie Stewart was born on 20 November 1858 in Woolloomooloo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. She was an actress, known for Nell Gwynne (1911). She was married to Richard Goldsbrough Row. She died on 21 June 1931 in Mosman, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Wyndham Guise was born on 20 November 1859 in Holborn, London, England, UK. He was an actor, known for 0-18 or A Message from the Sky (1914), The Firm of Girdlestone (1915) and Tom Jones (1917). He died in 1934 in Mildenhall, Suffolk, England, UK.
- Actress
- Soundtrack
Zeffie Tilbury was born on 20 November 1863 in London, England, UK. She was an actress, known for The Grapes of Wrath (1940), Werewolf of London (1935) and Mystery of Edwin Drood (1935). She was married to L. E. Woodthorpe and Arthur Frederick Lewis. She died on 24 July 1950 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Alice H. Smith was born on 20 November 1864 in Mississippi, USA. She was an actress, known for The Rose of Paris (1924), Mr. Fix-It (1918) and His Old-Fashioned Dad (1917). She died on 23 December 1944 in Montebello, California, USA.
- Kenesaw M. Landis was born on 20 November 1866 in Millville, Ohio, USA. He was married to Winifred Reed. He died on 25 November 1944 in Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- Martha M. Stanley was born on 20 November 1867 in Massachusetts, USA. She was a writer, known for The Teaser (1925), My Son (1925) and Scrambled Wives (1921). She died on 15 January 1950 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Cardinal Patrick Joseph Hayes was born on 20 November 1867 in New York City, New York, USA. He died on 4 September 1938 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Pietro Sosso was born on 20 November 1869 in Italy. He was an actor, known for The Garden of Allah (1916), Western Grit (1924) and Murder on the Roof (1930). He died on 25 April 1961 in San Francisco, California, USA.
- Zinaida Gippius was one of the most enigmatic and intelligent women of her time in Russia, she was a writer, an editor, a literary critic, and the founder of Symbolism in Russian literature, along with Valery Briusov.
She was born Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius on November 20, 1869, in the town of Belev, Tula province, Russia. She was the oldest of 4 daughters. Her father, Nikolai Romanovich Gippius, was a famous lawyer and Procurator of the Russian Senate. Her mother, Anastasia Vasilevna (nee Stepanova), was a daughter of Ekaterinburg Chief of Police. Young Zinaida Gippius was educated at home with emphasis on literature, history, arts and music, then studied at Kiev Institute for Women. In 1881 young Gippius had an emotional breakdown caused by the death of her father. At that time she moved to Yalta, then to Tbilisi and then lived at the villa of her uncle in Borjomi. There, in 1888, she met Dmitri Merezhkovsky and they married on January 9, 1889, in Borjomi. Gippius and Merezhkovsky moved in a luxury home in St. Petersburg - a wedding gift from Merejkovsky's mother. Their home became a popular meeting place for St. Petersburg cultural milieu.
After her first publications in St. Petersburg, Gippius emerged as a poet, novelist and a reputable literary critic. Her writings got attention from such critics as Ivan Bunin and Yakov Polonsky among others. In 1891, Gippius and Merezhkovsky made a trip across Europe on the Orient Express train. Their journey included ascension of Mont Blanc, there Gippius and Merezhkovsky demonstrated their persistence, determination and courage while climbing together. One of the highlights of their journey was their visit to the birthplace of Leonardo Da Vinci. At that time they worked together on a book titled 'Leonardo'. Gippius made handwritten copies of hundreds of pages from libraries in Florence and Rome while working on their book about Leonardo. Through their mutual research and studies in Rome, Florence and Paris, and later in Russia, Gippius and Merezhkovsky formed a group of writers, historians and clerics for interdisciplinary studies in pursuit of a better inter-religious communication. Their idea of starting a United Church was supported by many intellectuals. They got permission from the Russian Orthodox Sinode, and founded a study group focused on history of religions and religious influence on world cultures. At that time Gippius and Merezhkovsky were contacted by the Vatican and by some Catholic leaders in France, but they remained focused on their independent studies and lectures. Soon their lectures and social gatherings came under ostracism from the Russian Orthodox Church, that was followed by social pressures, manifested as sharp and biased critique of both Gippius and Merezhkovsky, and made-up rumors about private life of the couple. However, in 1900, such intellectuals as Nikolai Minsky, Vasili Rozanov, and others joined Gippius and Merezhkovsky and formed the St. Petersburg Society of Religions and Philosophy. Their studies embraced traditional religions as well as theosophy, mysticism and metaphysics. That collaboration ended a few years later in bitter dispute about their differences in interpretation of various religions and philosophies.
In 1914 Gippius joined the Red Cross in her effort to help the veterans of the First World War. She kept a detailed record of events that led to the Russian Revolution and the following Civil War. Gippius and Merezhkovsky remained in St. Petersburg, regardless of the danger to their life after the murder of the Tsar Nicholas II by the Communists. Gippius recorded many facts of massacre of innocent people in St. Petersburg (then renamed Petrograd) by the Bolsheviks who established Communist rule. They emigrated after their last hope, admiral Aleksandr Kolchak was killed by the Communists in Siberia. In 1920 Gippius and Merezhkovsky fled to Poland, then settled in Paris. There they formed one of important centers of anti-communist resistance among Russian émigrés. In 1941, Gippius and Merezhkovsky made a political mistake with their public support of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, their last hope was that the Communists will be destroyed and they could return to their home. Merezhkovsky wrote that both Stalin and Hitler were evils, that the Nazis and the Russian Communists should destroy each other, and for that goal Hitler must take Moscow. So, they lost many friends. Gippius assisted her ailing husband until his death on December 9, 1941, in Paris. She died in Paris on September 9, 1945, and was laid to rest with her husband in Cimetière Russe de Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, a Russian cemetery in Paris, France.
Gippius and Merezhkovsky were banned from publications in the Soviet Russia. Gippius's sisters, Natalia and Tatiana, were arrested and exiled in Gulag camps in Siberia under the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin. The most valuable private library of Merezhkovsky and Gippius was partially stolen, and partially confiscated by the Communist revolutionaries, some books are now in storage at the St. Petersburg public library. - Pedro Sose was born on 20 November 1869 in Italy. He was an actor, known for The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin (1918). He died on 25 April 1961 in San Francisco, California, USA.
- Actor
- Writer
Harry J. Worth was born on 20 November 1869 in England, UK. He was an actor and writer, known for Topsy Turvey (1927), The Thief (1922) and The Story of Mary Robsart (1922). He died in 1935 in Holborn, London, England, UK.- Walter Evans Edge was born on 20 November 1873 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. He died on 29 October 1956 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA.
- Laurence Leyton was born on 20 November 1873 in Mile End Old Town, London, England, UK. He was an actor, known for Whoso Is Without Sin (1915), Patricia Brent, Spinster (1919) and Where's Watling? (1918). He died in 1952 in Kensington, London, England, UK.
- Paul Bablot was born on 20 November 1873 in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France. He died on 23 December 1932 in Marseille, France.
- Doris Langkilde was born on 20 November 1874 in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was an actress, known for Unjustly Accused (1913), Kommandørens døtre (1912) and Kvinden, han mødte (1915). She was married to Oscar Langkilde. She died on 30 April 1946.
- James Michael Curley is an American Democratic Party politician from Boston, Massachusetts. One of the most colorful figures in Massachusetts politics in the first half of the 20th century, Curley served four terms as Democratic Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts. He also served a single term as Governor of Massachusetts. He served two terms in the United States Congress, and was regularly a candidate for a variety of local and state offices for half a century.
- Nikolay Livanov was born on 20 November 1874 in Simbirsk, Russian Empire [now Ulyanovsk, Russia]. He was an actor, known for Vosstaniye rybakov (1934). He died in 1949 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia].
- Bohus Zakopal was born on 20 November 1874 in Cilec, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was an actor, known for Nocní des (1914). He died on 8 October 1936 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- Lillian Mason was born on 20 November 1874 in Pontypool, Gwent, Wales, UK. She was an actress, known for You're Fired (1919) and The Valley of the Giants (1919). She was married to Edmund Kennedy. She died on 28 January 1953 in Brighton, Sussex, England, UK.
- Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg was born on 20 November 1875 in Kemberg, Wittenberg, Province of Saxony, Prussia [now Saxony-Anhalt], Germany. He died on 10 November 1944 in Plötzensee, Berlin, Germany.
- Director
- Producer
- Production Manager
Rudolf Walther-Fein was born on 20 November 1875 in Germany. He was a director and producer, known for Ewige Schönheit (1919), Zwei glückliche Tage (1932) and O Mädchen, mein Mädchen, wie lieb' ich Dich! (1930). He died on 1 May 1933 in Berlin, Germany.- Charles Groves was born on 20 November 1875 in Manchester, England, UK. He was an actor, known for The Face at the Window (1932), Tower of Strength (1919) and The Sands of Time (1919). He was married to Charlotte Emmeline Cook. He died on 23 May 1955 in London, England, UK.
- Chris Allen was born on 20 November 1876 in Brooklyn, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for Deadshot Casey (1928). He died on 7 November 1955 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Charles Gilpin was born on 20 November 1878 in Richmond, Virginia, USA. He was an actor, known for Ten Nights in a Barroom (1926) and Lime Kiln Club Field Day (1913). He was married to Florence Howard and Alice Bynum (actress). He died on 6 May 1930 in Eldredge Park, New Jersey, USA.
- Actor
- Writer
Albert Egbert was born on 20 November 1878 in Manchester, England, UK. He was an actor and writer, known for Inkey and Co. (1913), The Temperance Lecture (1913) and The Dustman's Nightmare (1915). He was married to Daisy Dormer. He died on 18 March 1942 in Dulwich, London, England, UK.- Heinrich Lilienfein was born on 20 November 1879 in Stuttgart, Germany. He was a writer, known for Der Stier von Olivera (1921). He was married to Sophie Erdmannsdörffer and Hanna Erdmannsdörffer. He died on 20 December 1952 in Weimar, German Democratic Republic.
- F. Pope-Stamper was born on 20 November 1879 in Hammersmith, London, England, UK. He was an actor, known for The Pride of the Fancy (1920), The Lackey and the Lady (1919) and The Divine Gift (1918). He died on 12 November 1950 in Sunningdale, Berkshire, England, UK.
- Writer
- Composer
Karl Grunder was born on 20 November 1880 in Arni-Hammegg, Kanton Bern, Switzerland. Karl was a writer and composer, known for S'Vreneli am Thunersee (1936). Karl died on 5 January 1963 in Bern, Kanton Bern, Switzerland.- Mikhail Klimov was born on 20 November 1880 in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire [now Russia]. He was an actor, known for Treasure Island (1938), Without Dowry (1937) and Broken Shoes (1933). He died on 9 July 1942 in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, USSR [now Republic of Georgia].
- Art Director
- Production Designer
- Art Department
Fritz Lück was born on 20 November 1880 in Berlin, Germany. He was an art director and production designer, known for Eine große Liebe (1949), Wer bist du, den ich liebe? (1949) and Schön ist die Welt (1957). He died on 8 April 1967 in Geretsried, Bavaria, Germany.- Jalmari Lahdensuo was born on 20 November 1880 in Lapua, Finland. He was a director, known for Pohjalaisia (1925). He was married to Eeva Aleksandra Klemetti. He died on 26 July 1931.
- Irakli Tseretelli was born on 20 November 1881 in Kutaisi, Imereti, Georgia. He died on 20 May 1959 in New York, New York, USA.
- Václav Srb was born on 20 November 1881 in Prague, Cechy, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republik]. He was an actor, known for Vdavky Nanynky Kulichovy (1925), Enchanting Eyes (1924) and Bahno Prahy (1928). He died on 19 December 1927 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- Ethyl May Halls was born on 20 November 1882 in California, USA. She was an actress, known for Thou Shalt Not Kill (1939), Heroes of the Saddle (1940) and Katie Did It (1950). She was married to Frank Layton Halls. She died on 16 September 1967 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Actress
- Writer
Grete Diercks was born on 20 November 1882 in Stainach-Irdning, Austria-Hungary. She was an actress and writer, known for Carmen (1918), Fünf Minuten zu spät (1918) and Und dennoch kam das Glück (1923). She died on 2 July 1957 in Vienna, Austria.- Oscar Larson was born on 20 November 1882 in Sweden. He was an actor, known for The Battle of Truth (1916), Pipe the Whiskers (1918) and Kicking the Germ Out of Germany (1918). He died on 14 August 1958 in Alameda, California, USA.
- Cinematographer
- Director
- Camera and Electrical Department
Tony Gaudio was born Gaetano Antonio Gaudio on November 20, 1883, in Cosenza, Italy, to a professional photographer. After attended art school in Rome, he became an assistant to his father and elder brother, who were portrait photographers. Eventually he segued into cinema, starting with "Napoleon Crossing the Alps" in 1903, and he eventually shot hundreds of short subjects for Italian film companies before moving to the US in 1906. Both he and his younger brother Eugene Gaudio, who served the same apprenticeship with both the family studio and with Italian filmmakers, would emigrate to America and become prominent cinematographers (Eugene was one of the founders of the American Society of Cinematographers in 1919; Tony would become a member of the organization and then serve as president).
In New York in 1906 Tony was employed by Al Simpson to produce "song slides" that could be shown in theaters so patrons could sing along with the music. After quitting Simpson in 1908, he worked in Vitagraph's film development laboratories in New York, then moved over to Carl Laemmle's IMP (Independent Moving Picture Co.) to supervise the construction of IMP's New York laboratories. From 1910-12 he became the chief of cinematographers at IMP, where he shot Mary Pickford's films for director Thomas H. Ince (he would later shoot The Gaucho (1927) for her husband, Douglas Fairbanks.)
Laemmle had wooed Pickford away from Biograph by offering her $175 a week, thus helping create the star system (Pickford soon left Laemmle for Adolph Zukor's Famous Players, where she was paid $10,000 per week; she left Zukor for First National, where she was paid $350,000 per film). Known as "Uncle Carl", Laemmle was famous for his nepotism, which extended even to a second cousin from Alsace, France, the future director William Wyler.
Tony's own brother Eugene would work for IMP as the superintendent of its development lab before switching to cinematography himself. As for Tony, he left IMP to work for Biograph and other companies before finding a home at Metro Pictures by 1916, where his brother Eugene now worked as a director. At Metro Tony shot 10 films for director Fred J. Balshofer and eventually wound up at First National in the early 1920s through his work as a cameraman for sisters Constance Talmadge and Norma Talmadge. From 1922-25 he shot nine Norma Talmadge pictures.
Eugene had died in 1920, and from 1923-24 Tony served as president of the American Society of Cinematographers, the professional body his brother had helped create to promote standardization in the industry and to serve as a clearinghouse for information for cameramen. Tony was at the forefront of technical innovation in his craft; in 1922 he invented a viewfinder for the new Mitchell camera. In the 1920s the Hollywood motion picture industry was dominated by Bell+Howell cameras, but Mitchell established a foothold and broke through by the end of the decade. While the Bell+Howell produced a superior image due to its innovative pressure plate behind the lens, it was too noisy for sound work, which opened up the market to Mitchell. The ASC helped promote innovations such as the viewfinder. This was rooted in the fact that in the first generation of cinema, cameramen owned their own cameras and modified them themselves. To be a cameraman one also had to be a tinkerer (Tony also would later invent the camera focusing microscope).
Tony also was an expert--as were many early cameramen--in the development of film, as most cinematographers took a hands-on approach to development in order to ensure not just the quality of their images, but to achieve effects in the lab. It was while he was employed by First National as the superintendent of the studio's film labs in 1925 that he directed two feature films released by the Poverty Row studio Columbia Pictures Corp.
In the 1920s he helped photograph Douglas Fairbanks' The Mark of Zorro (1920), pioneering the use of montage, and was lighting cameraman on Fairbanks' 1927 "The Gaucho", which featured one of the earliest two-strip Technicolor sequences (Gaudio also shot two-strip Technicolor scenes for On with the Show! (1929) and General Crack (1929)). He made his reputation during the 1920s as the chief cameraman for such top directors as Allan Dwan, Frank Borzage and Marshall Neilan, as well as for tyro director Howard Hughes' dialogue scenes with Harry Perry on the aerial scenes of Hell's Angels (1930).
When First National was acquired by Warner Bros. in 1928, Gaudio moved over to the new studio, signing a long-term contract with Warners in 1930. In time, he and his fellow Italian immigrant Sol Polito would become the co-chief-cinematographers at the studio and help fashion the distinct Warner Bros. "look" that was influenced by German Expressionism.
The opinionated Tony Gaudio was prone to clash with his directors, and Oscar-winning director Lewis Milestone'--who won his first Oscar on a film lensed by Gaudio, Two Arabian Knights (1927)--nearly fired him from The Front Page (1931) (Gaudio served as the second cameraman on Milesteone's anti-war masterpiece All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), for which the director won his second Oscar, and would shoot his last film for Milestone: The Red Pony (1949), which is renowned for its mastery of color). The studio tolerated his temperament as he was a master of black and white cinematography, winning six Academy Award nominations and one Oscar from 1930 through 1946, when he was nominated for Best Color Cinematography for the first time.
Gaudio, fellow co-cinematographer-in-chief Polito, Barney McGill and Sidney Hickox were instrumental in creating the Warner Bros. "look" of the 1930s. Warners, the most progressive studio in Hollywood, was prone to filming subjects torn from the day's headlines; the Brothers Warner, as represented by studio boss Jack L. Warner, did not demand a glamorous aesthetic as did MGM, for instance (Gaudio shot Mervyn LeRoy's gangster classic Little Caesar (1931) while Polito shot I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932) for Leroy two years later). Gaudio, Polito and the other cinematographers they supervised thus were able to light their sets to evoke mood and atmosphere. The extremely versatile Gaudio shot all kinds of movies in every genre, from the prestigious A-pictures to B-movies.
Along with Polito, Gaudio shot Warners' most prestigious films, winning an Oscar for his black and white cinematography on Anthony Adverse (1936). He shot Warners' first three-strip Technicolor film, God's Country and the Woman (1937), directed by William Keighley, and, subsequently, the studio assigned Gaudio and Keighley to what was their most ambitious picture ever: The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), which was also to be shot in the difficult Technicolor. The film would eventually cost $4 million, making it the most expensive film in history to the time, but Gaudio and Keighley were removed from the project by producer Hal B. Wallis for working too slowly. The film was finished by Polito and director Michael Curtiz, though all four ultimately shared screen credit on the picture and Gaudio's footage remained in the film.
Gaudio was a regular cameraman for Bette Davis, who became the studio's greatest star during the 1930s. Gaudio originally gave Davis the glamor treatment, but by the time he shot Bordertown (1935), starring Paul Muni as a Mexican-American lawyer in a corrupt town, Gaudio didn't flinch when--shooting the film with a stark realism--he deglamorized Davis, as he would later in two period films, Juarez (1939) and The Old Maid (1939).
Critics believe that Gaudio reached the zenith of his craft on another Davis vehicle, director 'William Wyler (I)''s adaptation of W. Somerset Maugham's novel, The Letter (1940). For the picture Gaudio's camera evoked a moodiness pregnant with violence. The opening shot of the film, a slow track through the Malaysian rubber plantation that is the setting for the story about to transpire, is extremely memorable.
When Gaudio shot High Sierra (1940) for Raoul Walsh, he worked in an ultra-realistic, documentary-like fashion that was a precursor of film noir. He parted company with Warners in 1943 after shooting Background to Danger (1943) to go freelance. His next picture, Universal's Corvette K-225 (1943), brought him an Oscar nomination. He won his last Oscar nomination, for color cinematography, in 1946, for A Song to Remember (1945).
Tony Gaudio died on August 10, 1951. He was 67 years old.- Actor
Henry Clauss was born on 20 November 1883 in Germany. He was an actor. He died on 24 October 1943 in San Joaquin County, California, USA.- Lea Conti was born on 20 November 1883 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She was an actress, known for Su nombre es mujer (1940), El alma de un tango (1945) and El cantar de mis penas (1941). She died on 31 October 1957 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Josef Rozsíval was born on 20 November 1884 in Prague, Cechy, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was an actor, known for Princezna z chalupy (1919), Lásko trikrát svatá (1918) and Saty delaji cloveka (1913). He died on 15 August 1941 in Prague, Protektorát Cechy a Morava [now Czech Republic].
- Norman Thomas was born on 20 November 1884 in Marion, Ohio, USA. He was married to Frances Violet Stewart. He died on 19 December 1968 in Huntington, New York, USA.
- Germaine Reuver was born on 20 November 1885 in Paris, France. She was an actress, known for La Poison (1951), Mademoiselle s'amuse (1948) and Benvenuto Cellini (1908). She died on 22 July 1953 in Sandillon, Loiret, France.
- Actor
- Music Department
- Writer
Julius Klein was born on 20 November 1885 in Hungary. He was an actor and writer, known for Wanted! Jane Turner (1936). He died on 16 July 1966 in Hollywood, California, USA.- Guglielmo Sinaz was born on 20 November 1885 in Rome, Lazio, Italy. He was an actor, known for We the Living (1942), Addio Kira! (1942) and Song to the Wind (1939). He died on 5 February 1947 in Rome, Lazio, Italy.
- Nikola Gosic was born on 20 November 1885 in Grocka, Serbia. He was an actor, known for Gresnica bez greha (1927). He died on 12 July 1934 in Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia.
- John J. Parker was born on 20 November 1885 in Monroe, North Carolina, USA. He was married to Maria Burgwin Maffitt. He died on 17 March 1958.