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- Without sufficient schooling, he trained as a tailor. Johnson then moved to Greeneville, Tennessee, where he opened a tailor shop in 1826. A year later he married Eliza McCardle, who helped him learn to read and write. Johnson's business began to prosper and gained him great public profile in the local community. There he became increasingly politically active. Johnson served in Congress from 1843 to 1853. He then served as Governor of Tennessee until 1857.
In the same year he was finally elected to the US Senate. At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, Johnson was the only southern senator to support the continued existence of the Union. In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln appointed him military governor of Tennessee. There he supported the state's reincorporation into the Union and convened a constitutional convention that abolished slavery in Tennessee in January 1865. In 1864, Johnson was elevated to vice president of the United States. After Lincoln died on April 15, 1865 as a result of an assassination attempt, Johnson assumed the presidency. The new president carried the heavy legacy of restoring the American Union after the Civil War.
He initiated the adoption of new constitutions for the southern states and implemented amnesties. However, since the southern states undermined anti-slavery regulations in many areas, Johnson increasingly came into conflict with Congress with his Reconstruction policy. The conflict reached its climax when the President vetoed a congressional legislative initiative in 1866 that aimed to increase rights for freed slaves. On February 25, 1868, Congress initiated impeachment proceedings against the US President. The primary motive for the impeachment proceedings was Johnson's violation of formal rules.
However, the real reason for the unusual measure - Johnson was the first and only US president to be affected by it - was the obvious resistance with which the president met the will of Congress. The impeachment failed by one vote in the Senate. Johnson was able to continue in office until he handed it over to his successor Ulysses Grant in 1869. In 1875, Johnson was re-elected to the U.S. Senate as a representative from Tennessee. However, a stroke prevented him from performing this function.
Andrew Johnson died shortly thereafter on July 31, 1875 in Carter Station, Tennessee. - William Gladstone was a British statesman and Liberal politician.
In a career lasting over 60 years, he served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, spread over four terms beginning in 1868 and ending in 1894. He also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer four times. Gladstone was born in Liverpool. He first entered the House of Commons in 1832, beginning his political career as a High Tory, a grouping which became the Conservative Party under Robert Peel in 1834. - Writer
- Soundtrack
Karel Sabina was born on 29 December 1813 in Prague, Bohemia, Austrian Empire [now Czech Republic]. Karel was a writer, known for Prodaná nevesta (1922), Prodaná nevesta (1913) and Prodaná nevesta (1976). Karel died on 9 November 1877 in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic].- Composer
- Soundtrack
Tomás Bretón was born on 29 December 1850 in Salamanca, Spain. He was a composer, known for Currito de la Cruz (1926), La verbena de la Paloma (1935) and La Dolores (1940). He died on 2 December 1923 in Madrid, Spain.- August Kitzberg was born on 29 December 1855 in Laatre, Viljandimaa, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire [now Estonia]. August was a writer, known for Libahunt (1968) and Teatterituokio (1962). August died on 10 October 1927 in Tartu, Estonia.
- Frank Burbeck was born on 29 December 1856 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He was an actor, known for What Happened at 22 (1916), Blazing Love (1916) and Who's Your Brother? (1919). He was married to Helene Wintner and Nanette Comstock (actress). He died on 20 February 1930 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Morley Roberts was born on 29 December 1857 in London, England, UK. He was a writer, known for On Camera (1954), Holloway's Treasure (1924) and A Madonna of the Cells (1925). He died on 8 June 1942 in London, England, UK.
- Actor
Lord Lyveden was born on 29 December 1857 in Grafton Underwood, Northamptonshire, England, UK. He was an actor. He died on 25 December 1926 in Kensington, London, England, UK.- Henry Mayer was born on 29 December 1857 in Paris. He was an actor, known for L'énigme (1918). He died in 1941 in France.
- Born into a wealthy cattle-ranching family, Venustiano Carranza followed in his father's footsteps and joined the Mexican army. He became a supporter of Francisco I. Madero in Madero's efforts to overthrow the corrupt dictatorship of Gen. Porfirio Díaz. When this proved successful, Madero appointed Carranza as Secretary of War and Secretary of the Navy. However, soon after assuming power Madero was assassinated in a coup masterminded by Gen. Victoriano Huerta, forcing Carranza to flee. He organized an army to fight against Huerta, and allied his forces with those of rebels (and former bandits) Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. The combined rebel army encircled Mexico City--Huerta's base--and fought their way to the city's gates. They soon took the city, forcing Huerta to flee, and Carranza, Villa and Zapata took over the government. Soon, however, Carranza and Villa locked horns and in the ensuing power struggle, Villa was driven from Mexico City and retreated back to his headquarters in Durango. In 1915 Carranza assumed the presidency of Mexico and set about to make many needed reforms. He introduced an independent judiciary, instituted land reform, decentralized government power and called for a Constitutional convention, which was convened in 1917. A new constitution was written--which is still used today--and he was elected as the first president under this constitution.
However, many forces were arrayed against him, including his former allies Villa and Zapata, who thought his reforms didn't go far enough, and many wealthy landowners and the Catholic Church, who thought that his reforms were too radical. Carranza placed a bounty on Zapata's head, which eventually resulted in his assassination, and Carranza's army hunted down Villa in northern Mexico. As his presidential term drew to a close, however, he offended several powerful military and political leaders by picking a man they did not approve of to succeed him. In 1920 an alliance of these leaders, headed by Gen. Álvaro Obregón, led a rebellion against Carranza. His forces were defeated and he fled Mexico City. He headed toward Vera Cruz to reorganize, but on 5/21/20, he stopped in a house in the town of Tlaxacalantongo to spend the night. Obregon's spies learned of his whereabouts, and later that night the house was attacked by Obregon's men and Carranza was shot and killed. - Actor
- Soundtrack
Otis Harlan was born on 29 December 1865 in Zanesville, Ohio, USA. He was an actor, known for Show Boat (1929), A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935) and Nine and Three-Fifths Seconds (1925). He was married to Nellie Harvey. He died on 21 January 1940 in Martinsville, Indiana, USA.- Writer
- Actor
Thomas Wigney Percyval was born on 29 December 1865 in Yorkshire, England, UK. He is known for She (1917), Grumpy (1930) and Cascarrabias (1930).- Olga Salo was born on 29 December 1865. She is known for Anna-Liisa (1911), Sylvi (1913) and Tukkijoella (1928).
- Harry Vokes was born on 29 December 1866 in Illinois, USA. He was an actor, known for The House Party (1915) and Beauty in Distress (1915). He was married to Marie Francis and Margaret Daly. He died on 15 April 1922 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Reginald Dance was born on 29 December 1867 in Bishopsteignton, Devon, England, UK. He was an actor, known for The Dreyfus Case (1931). He was married to Aileen Annesley Wyse (actress) and Ethel Mary Colbeck. He died on 12 October 1933 in Hampstead, London, England, UK.
- Mortimer Peterson was born on 29 December 1867 in Vadstena, Östergötlands län, Sweden. He was a producer, known for The Village (1897), Slagsmål i gamla Stockholm (1897) and Akrobat med otur (1897). He died in 1920.
- Charles Crockett was born on 29 December 1870 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. He was an actor, known for The Gingham Girl (1927), Guilty Hands (1931) and Abraham Lincoln (1930). He died on 12 June 1934 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Helena Rolandowa was born on 29 December 1872 in Lublin, Poland, Russian Empire [now Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland]. She was an actress, known for For Crimes Not Theirs (1938) and Krwawa dola (1912). She died on 20 September 1952 in Skolimów, Konstancin-Jeziorna, Mazowieckie, Poland.
- Richard Andean was born on 29 December 1873 in Bristol, England, UK. He was an actor, known for Hamlet (1913). He died on 6 July 1943 in Exeter, Devon, England, UK.
- Actress
- Writer
Caroline Frances Cooke was born on 29 December 1875 in Illinois, USA. She was an actress and writer, known for Son of Frankenstein (1939), The Bells (1926) and A Story of the Rand (1916). She was married to Lorimer Johnston. She died on 8 July 1962 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Texan-born actress Charlotte Walker was the daughter of a wealthy cotton broker, who died when she was eleven. With her siblings she went on to live at a ranch owned by her mother's even more affluent family. In her mid-teens, Charlotte studied drama at Fort Edwards Collegiate Institute. She performed on the Broadway stage from 1901 and in silent pictures with the Lasky Organisation from 1915, subsequently working for Thanhouser from 1917 to 1919. Charlotte was considered a versatile actress, skilled in both comedy and dramatic parts. She was also exquisitely beautiful, and, though already well into middle age, able to command leading roles in several high profile productions. Her second marriage (1910-1930) was to the prolific Broadway playwright Eugene Walter and one of her biggest successes was a starring role in his 1913 stage dramatisation and subsequent cinematic version of The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1916), produced and directed by Cecil B. DeMille. Her status began to decline with the advent of sound pictures. Indifferent reviews included a performance in Three Faces East (1930), described as overly 'theatrical' by the New York Times. Relegated to small supporting roles in several forgettable B-grade pictures, Charlotte retired from acting in 1941. She died in 1958 in her home state at the age of 81.
- Composer
- Music Department
- Actor
Born of a Catalan father and Puerto Rican mother in the small town of Vendrell, Spain, Casals began his career performing music with his father Charles in church. One of 9 children, Casals became an international sensation due to his musical style, however with the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and Franco's eventual victory and rise in Spain, Casals self-exiled himself to Puerto Rico, where he died in 1973.- Edward Clisbee was born on 29 December 1878 in Santa Rosa, California, USA. He was an actor, known for The Boer War (1914), The Social Pirates (1916) and Shannon of the Sixth (1914). He died on 24 July 1936 in Wentachee, Washington, USA.
- Rafael Bouwmeester was born on 29 December 1878 in Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands. He was an actor, known for Kee en Janus naar Parijs (1924) and Cirque hollandais (1924). He died on 11 May 1926 in Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands.
- U.S. Army officer who foresaw -- and unwisely trumpeted -- the need for air power to win land wars. (Unwise, because his candor cost him his career.) He advocated a separate air force, thus incurring the wrath of U.S. army and navy brass. When the navy airship "Shenandoah" went down in 1925, Mitchell accused the government of "incompetency, criminal negligence and almost treasonable administration of the national defense." On account of that statement he was court-martialed for insubordination, and he eventually resigned from the army. The story is wonderfully captured, with Gary Cooper in the role of the general, in The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell (1955).
- Basil Lynn was born on 29 December 1879 in Wimbledon, Surrey, England, UK. He was an actor, known for For Valour (1937) and Banana Ridge (1942). He died on 29 March 1967 in Harefield Hospital, London, England, UK.
- Boxer Jess Willard went down in history for three things: being the tallest world's heavyweight champion in history until Primo Carnera wrested that title from him; losing his championship belt to Jack Dempsey in a controversial title bout that saw him knocked down seven times in the first round, leading to rumors that Dempsey had "loaded" his gloves; and being The Great White Hope (1970)" that brought the the heavyweight crown back to the "white race" after being in the possession for seven years of grinning gold-toothed, black-skinned Jack Johnson, an African American who committed the sin of being proud to be a man of color in racist America. (See Ken Burns's documentary Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson (2004) for the story of this remarkable man.)
Standing nearly 6'7" tall, Jess was a professional horse wrangler from rural Pottawatomie County, Kansas who did not take up boxing until he was 28 years old. The "Pottawatomie Giant" came up through the ranks quickly and in 1915, faced Jack Johnson for the title at the Oriental Park Racetrack in Havana, Cuba. Johnson was in exile from his home country, which had persecuted him under the Mann Act (which prohibited the transportation of prostitutes across stat lines) for his other unpardonable sin at the time, his love of white women. (All three of Johnson's wives were Caucasian.)
In the brutal heat and humidity of Havana, Willard knocked out Johnson in the 26th round and became heavyweight champion of the world, a title he lost four years later to Dempsey. He will remain a footnote in American history for being "The Great White Hope" for as long as racism mars American society. - Réginald was born on 29 December 1881 in Ixelles, Belgium. He was an actor, known for The Four Musketeers (1934), Ah! Qu'il fait bon chez nous (1951) and Les chevaliers de la cloche (1938). He died on 29 October 1951 in Brussels, Belgium.
- Producer
- Actor
- Production Manager
George Desmond was born on 29 December 1881 in Limehouse, London, England, UK. He was a producer and actor, known for Warrendale (1967), Adventures in Rainbow Country (1969) and The Devil in the Fog (1968). He was married to Billie Hill and Marjorie Day. He died in 1969 in Westminster, London, England, UK.- Minor American character actor Forrest Taylor was a veteran of the stage by the time he started appearing as a silent lead in both short and feature-length films. He went on to appear in hundreds of secondary "B" movies, although his name does not appear in a large percentage of them. Taylor was born Edwin Forrest Taylor in Bloomington, Illinois, in 1883. Little is known about his early days on stage but he assayed prime roles in such films as In the Sunset Country (1915), April (1916), True Nobility (1916) and The Abandonment (1916) before World War I service intervened. With his leading-man career fatally interrupted, he would not return to films until a decade later in 1926. Playing a few strong supports, he regressed quickly to atmospheric bits primarily in westerns and cliffhangers. With a no-nonsense attitude and imposingly thick mustache, his attorneys, judges, scientists, executives and professors were for the most part scarcely acknowledged, so when he did receive a bit more screen time than usual he pounced on the opportunity, such as he got in John Wayne's programmer Riders of Destiny (1933) where he played a sagebrush villain; the serial Shadow of Chinatown (1936) as a Chief of Police; and The Oregon Trail (1939) as a nemesis to hero Johnny Mack Brown. Taylor also managed some deliciously hammy roles in a few popular serials including The Green Archer (1940), The Spider Returns (1941) and The Iron Claw (1941). On-camera for nearly five decades, he extended himself into TV programming in the 1950s, taking part in various TV westerns including episodes of Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok (1951), Annie Oakley (1954), The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp (1955), Maverick (1957) and My Friend Flicka (1955), not to mention both Gene Autry's and Roy Rogers' weekly shows. He was an occasional player on the series The Cisco Kid (1950) from 1950 on, and from 1952-1954 had one of his more visible roles as Grandpa Fisher on the religious TV series This Is the Life (1952). Broaching the age of 80, Taylor finally retired in 1962 after filming an episode of Bonanza (1959) and died three years later of natural causes in Garden Grove, California.
- Soundtrack
Raymond Walker was born on 29 December 1883 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, USA. He died on 20 June 1960 in New York City, New York, USA.- Maxime Léry was born on 29 December 1884 in France. He was an actor, known for The Heir of the Lagarderes (1913), Direct au coeur (1933) and L'aiglon (1913). He died in 1966.
- Alfredo Boccolini was born on 29 December 1885 in La Spezia, Liguria, Italy. He was an actor, known for Galaor contro Galaor (1924), Le ultime avventure di Galaor (1921) and Il segno dei tempi (1921). He died on 5 February 1956 in Viadana, Mantua, Lombardy, Italy.
- William Mathieson was born on 29 December 1885 in Old Meldown, Scotland, UK. He was an actor. He died on 3 August 1940 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Maurits de Vries was born on 29 December 1885 in Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands. He was an actor, known for Mottige Janus (1922), Oranje Hein (1925) and De jantjes (1922). He was married to Nola Hatterman. He died on 26 November 1946 in Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands.
- Actress
Lili Beck was born on 29 December 1885 in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was an actress, known for Dolken (1915), Sonad skuld (1915) and Saved in Mid-Air (1912). She was married to Victor Sjöström, Erik Magnussen, Hakon Ahnfelt-Rønne and Martellius Lundqvist. She died on 20 January 1939 in Århus, Denmark.- Raffaele Calzini was born on 29 December 1885 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy. Raffaele was a writer, known for Regina della Scala (1937) and La commediante veneziana (1979). Raffaele died on 2 September 1953 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Veneto, Italy.
- Writer
- Additional Crew
John T. Neville was born on 29 December 1886 in Harrisonville, Missouri, USA. He was a writer, known for The Girl from Rio (1939), Barefoot Boy (1938) and A Million to One (1936). He was married to Virginia Greenwell. He died on 25 October 1970 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Pierre Watkin was one of a stable of tall, distinguished-looking and sophisticated character actors (such as Russell Hicks, Jonathan Hale, Selmer Jackson and Samuel S. Hinds) whom Hollywood kept steadily employed playing political leaders, army officers, lawyers, wealthy businessmen and the like. Unlike many of his colleagues in that category, however, Watkin is notable for his (relatively) soft voice and precisely articulated speech. He is probably best remembered by film enthusiasts as Mr. Skinner, the unctuous, self-important bank president, in the W.C. Fields comedy The Bank Dick (1940), in which he uttered the now-classic line, "Allow me to give you a hearty handclasp".
He was the third of four sons of C.H. and Elizabeth J. Watkin, who operated a lodging house for "theater people" in Sioux City, IA. After completing high school he entered the acting profession, and by the time he registered for the draft in WWI he was working with an acting troupe--headed by Sidney Toler--and married. He requested a deferment from military service because he was the sole support of his wife. His wife's name is unknown, however, and it's also unknown if they had any children; this information does not appear in the draft registration, and the name Pierre Watkin(s) is completely missing from both the 1920 and 1930 federal censuses. - Actor
- Director
W.T. McCulley was born on 29 December 1887 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is known for The Duchess (1915), Diana of Eagle Mountain (1915) and Haunted Hearts (1915).- Beatrice Bentley was born on 29 December 1888 in California, USA. She was an actress, known for The Toll of the Sea (1922). She died on 14 June 1984 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Writer
- Director
- Script and Continuity Department
Charles James McGuirk was born to first generation Irish immigrants, James W. and Margaret McGuirk, on December 29, 1888, at West Orange, New Jersey, where his father was employed by a local hatter. For the vast majority of his professional life McGuirk worked on newspapers in Chicago and San Francisco before turning to writing short stories for the New York Daily News. He would go on to have his works appear in a number of popular publications of that time and work as a Hollywood scenarist.
McGuirk passed away on December 3, 1943 at Reno, Nevada. He was survived by his wife Mary, their daughters, Margaret, Patricia, and Charmain (Charm) and son Terrance (Terry), who was serving with the US Marines.
WWI Draft Registration, Reno Evening Gazette December 4, 1943, US Census Records, 1900 - 1930- Gustavo Barroso was born on 29 December 1888 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Gustavo was a writer, known for Jesuíno Brilhante, o Cangaceiro (1972) and Fábula. A terra meiga. (2002). Gustavo died on 3 December 1959 in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Cinematographer
- Actor
- Visual Effects
Frank Young was born on 29 December 1889 in Virginia City, Nevada, USA. He was a cinematographer and actor, known for Captain Caution (1940), Broadway Limited (1941) and The Prisoner of Zenda (1913). He died on 5 July 1951 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Art Department
Deane V. Lennon was born on 29 December 1889 in Ohio, USA. Deane V. died on 11 November 1971 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Frank McNellis was born on 29 December 1889 in Terre Haute, Indiana, USA. He was an actor, known for Tip Tap Toe (1932), Dynamite Delaney (1938) and Love Island (1952). He died on 7 May 1958 in Long Island, New York, USA.
- Special Effects
- Additional Crew
Norman Osunn was born on 29 December 1889 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, USA. He is known for Fighting Love (1927). He died on 4 May 1927 in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA.- Käthe Dorsch was born on 29 December 1890 in Neumarkt, Oberpfalz, Germany. She was an actress, known for Frau Lenes Scheidung (1917), Fräulein Julie (1922) and Trenck, der Pandur (1940). She was married to Harry Liedtke. She died on 25 December 1957 in Vienna, Austria.
- Gene Crosby was born on 29 December 1890 in Brooklyn, New York, USA. She was an actress, known for The Better Man Wins (1922), North of Alaska (1924) and Mile-a-Minute Morgan (1924). She died on 13 September 1949 in Alberhill, California, USA.
- Emily Gerdes was born on 29 December 1890 in Jefferson, Kansas, USA. She was an actress, known for Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1917), Dynamite Dan (1924) and A Lady's Name (1918). She died on 17 September 1974 in Los Angeles, California, USA.