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- Joseph Hamilton was born on 1 January 1899 in Washington, District of Columbia, USA. He was an actor, known for Git! (1965), Bat Masterson (1958) and The Twilight Zone (1959). He was married to Ruth Green. He died on 20 February 1965 in Orange, California, USA.
- Director
- Art Director
- Actor
Lev Kuleshov was a Russian director who used the editing technique known as the "Kuleshov effect." Although some of the editing innovations, such as crosscutting were used by other directors before him, Kuleshov was the first to use it in the Soviet Russia. he was driving a Ford sports car amidst hard situation in the post-Civil war USSR, and remained a controversial figure who joined the Soviet communist party and destroyed archives of rare silent movies during his experiments, thus clearing way for his own works: documentaries and feature films ranging from political cinema to timeless gems.
He was born Lev Vladimirovich Kuleshov on 1 January, 1899, in Tambov, Russia. His father, Vladimir Kuleshov, belonged to Russian landed gentry, was a patron of arts and owner of a private estate in Central Russia. His mother, Pelagea Shubina, was a teacher before she married his father. His parents understood his weaknesses (poor speaking ability and bouts of depression) and strengths (a sharp eye, persistence and determination). His forte was the ability to see what for others remained unseen. Young Kuleshov received exclusive private education at the home of his father who had a degree from Moscow Art College. After the death of his father, 15-year-old Kuleshov and his mother moved to Moscow. There he studied art and history at the prestigious Stroganov School, then continued his studies at Moscow School of Painting, Architecture and Sculpture focusing on oil painting.
In 1916 he started his film career as a set designer at the Moscow film studio of Aleksandr Khanzhonkov and occasionally acted in some of its productions. He played a young lover opposite Emma Bauer, a stunning beauty, whom he truly fell in love with even before the filming started. That was the silent film Za schastem (1917). Watching himself on the silver screen, young Kuleshov was disappointed with the comic effect of his acting conflicting with naturalism of his true feelings. He decided to focus on directing and developing the style of his own. His new friend, experienced film-maker Akhramovich-Ashmarin, introduced him to American school of film-making, which also influenced his work.
With the help from Khanzhonkov's leading cinematographer, Yevgeny Bauer, Kuleshov made his first experimental works in editing. In 1917, he made his first publication in 'Vestnik Kinematografii': in three consecutive articles Kuleshov trashed the "salon" traditions of his employer by writing about an artist's role in converting film industry into a new form of art. His directorial career began under the patronage of Bauer, with whom Kuleshov worked as art director on such films, as Nabat (1917) and Za schastem (1917), and completed the latter as director after the original director Bauer died. In 1918, Kuleshov made his directorial debut with 'Project of Engineer Prite', and the film brought him attention of film studio executives who gave the 19-year-old beginner a chance to participate in documenting the early history of the Civil War-era Russia.
Following the Russian revolution of 1917, Kuleshov joined the Bolsheviks and sided with the Red Army in the Russian Civil War of 1918-1919, which was a continuation of the First World War. He covered the war on the Eastern front with a documentary crew. After the end of the Civil War, the Communist Party solidified control of the country, thus helping Kuleshov's career. His friend, Vladimir Gardin, appointed him instructor at the Moscow Film School. There he made a career as director and teacher. In 1920, he directed a war film Na krasnom fronte (1920), a government sponsored film about the Red Army. For some time Kuleshov continued wearing the Red Army uniform, to show his loyalty to the new government.
He studied the techniques of Hollywood directors, particularly D.W. Griffith and Mack Sennett and introduced such innovations as crosscutting in editing and montage into Russian cinema. For his experiments Kuleshov was cutting old silent films from the archives of Khanzhonkov, Bauer and other private studios nationalized by the socialist govenment. Kuleshov used the archives of old silent movies for his own cutting experiments and thus most of the film archives was destroyed. Kuleshov remained quiet about this part of his career when he experimented with editing technique. He focused on putting two shots together to achieve a new meaning.
The "Kuleshov effect" is using the Pavlovian physiology to manipulate the impression made by an image and thus to spin the viewer's perception of that image. To demonstrate such manipulation, Kuleshov took a shot of popular Russian actor Ivan Mozzhukhin's expressionless face from an early silent film. He then edited the face together with three different endings: a plate of soup, a seductive woman, a dead child in a coffin. The audiences believed that Ivan Mozzhukhin acted differently looking at the food, the girl, or the coffin, showing an expression of hunger, desire, or grief respectively. Actually the face of Ivan Mozzhukhin in all three cases was one and the same shot repeated over and over again. Viewers own emotional reactions become involved in manipulation. Images spin those who are prone to be spun. Although editing and montage have already been used in art, architecture, fashion, politics, book publishing, theatrical productions and religious events (just look at placement of icons in churches, or photos in books, or pictures at exhibitions), the use of such editing in silent films was innovative and eventually led to more advanced visual effects.
Vsevolod Pudovkin, who claimed to have been the co-creator of Kuleshov's experiment, later described how the audience "raved about the acting... the heavy pensiveness of Ivan Mozzhukhin's mood over the soup, the deep sorrow with which he looked on the dead child, and the lust with which he observed the woman. But we knew that in all three cases the face was exactly the same." Kuleshov demonstrated the effect of editing that was successfully used in montage of such films, as Battleship Potemkin (1925) and Konets Sankt-Peterburga (1927) among other Soviet films. Kuleshov's good education, as well as his connections among Russian intellectual elite also helped his career.
At that time, Kuleshov and a group of his students, among them actress Aleksandra Khokhlova, collaborated on several movies that are now generally regarded as seminal films in Russian cinema. Among them are The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr. West in the Land of the Bolsheviks (1924), a satire on clash of civilizations showing naive American Christian pastor who comes to Russia just to be robbed twice, but then helped by exemplary Soviet policeman. In 1926 he produced his most popular film, By the Law (1926), based on a Jack London story. The movie was successful in Russia and especially in Europe. In 1933, he directed The Great Consoler (1933), based on biography of American writer O. Henry. The film was highly praised by Osip Brik and Lilya Brik. It was an interesting advancement in Kuleshov's experimental style.
In 1936, he received his Ph.D and became professor of directing and Moscow Film School. In 1941, Kuleshov's book 'Osnovy kinorezhissury' (aka... Fundamentals of Film Direction) was published in Moscow. Kuleshov was promoted to high position within the Soviet film industry and was designated Doctor of Science for the book, which was translated in several languages and became regarded among filmmakers worldwide.
During WWII, Kuleshov made two films. One, made in collaboration with writer Arkadiy Gaydar, was Klyatva Timura (1942). To complete the film, Kuleshov with his film crew was moved on Soviet government expense from cold Moscow to warm Stalinabad, the capital of Turkmenistan. There, in 1943, together with his wife, Aleksandra Khokhlova, he directed his last movie, We from the Urals (1944), a film about young Soviet boys making heroic efforts in the Eastern Front of WWII. After that, he returned from Central Asia back to Moscow. The Soviet capital was recovering after attacks of Nazi armies. For his contribution to art, and also for his dedication to communist ideas, a prestigious position as Artistic Director of the Moscow Film Institute (VGIK) where he worked for the next 25 years. Over the course of his career, his students were hundreds of Soviet filmmakers, such as directors Vsevolod Pudovkin, Boris Barnet, Mikhail Kalatozov and many others. His most trusted and devoted friend was Sergei Eisenstein.
Kuleshov visited Paris and presented a retrospective of his films in 1962. There he enjoyed much attention from international media. His friends in the Western world included many celebrities, such as Yves Montand, Louis Aragon, Elsa Triolet among others. Kuleshov was member of the Jury at 1966 Venice Film Festival and attended other film festivals as a special guest. He made several exclusive trips outside of the Soviet Union.Kuleshov was a friend of the State security chief, KGB General V.N. Merkulov.
Kuleshov was awarded Order of Lenin, Order of Red Banner, was designated People's Artist of Russia (1969), and received other decorations and perks from the Soviet government.
Outside of his film career, Lev Kuleshov was fond of hunting, he owned a collection of exclusive hunting guns and often used them to kill game outside of Moscow and in Southern Russia. He also spent much time at Mediterranean resort near Yalta in Crimea and often made hunting trips in that area. Kuleshov was married to his student Aleksandra Khokhlova, and lived with his wife in a prestigious block on Lenin Prospect in central Moscow. There he died in 1970, and was laid to rest in Moscow's most prestigious Novodevichy Cemetery. Kuleshov's funeral took place while the Soviet Union was celebrating the centennial anniversary of the former leader Vladimir Lenin.- Valentina Zimina was born on January 1, 1899 in Moscow, Russia. She was the daughter of a famous opera singer and claimed she was a countess. Valentina started performing on the stage when she was a child. Tragically her entire family was killed in 1917 during the Russian revolution. She married Major Jakovieff, an officer in the ambulance service, shortly before he was summoned to the front. Valentina spent three years serving in the Battalion for Women in Russia. She was briefly imprisoned in Siberia but managed to escape by bribing a guard. After reuniting with her husband they moved to the United States. She earned a living singing Russian songs in vaudeville.
In 1923 she made her film debut in Cecil B. Demille's epic The Ten Commandments. She had a featured role in the 1925 drama A Son of His Father. Her performance got rave reviews and her career in Hollywood seemed bright. She costarred with Lillian Gish in La Boheme and with Pola Negri in The Woman On Trial. Valentina divorced her husband and married publisher Elwood E. Hopkins in 1926. Tragically on December 3, 1928 she died on from influenza. She was only twenty-nine years old. Valentina was buried at Hollywood Forever cemetery in Los Angeles, California. - László Kemény was born on 1 January 1899 in Okány, Hungary. He was an actor, known for A pénzcsináló (1964), Mágnás Miska (1949) and Süt a nap (1939). He died on 8 May 1970 in Budapest, Hungary.
- Jack Beresford was born on 1 January 1899 in London, England, UK. He died on 3 September 1977 in Shiplake, Oxfordshire, England, UK.
- Khaziakhmet Bukharskiy was born on 1 January 1899 in Satlamyshevo, Sviyazhsk uyezd, Kazan Governorate, Russian Empire [now Apastovsky District, Tatarstan, Russia]. He was an actor, known for Salavat Yulayev (1941). He died on 13 May 1974 in Ufa, Bashkir ASSR, RSFSR, USSR [now Bashkortostan, Russia].
- Tytus Dymek was born on 2 January 1899 in Kletsk, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Minsk Oblast, Belarus]. He was an actor, known for Young Chopin (1952) and Television Theater (1953). He died on 23 November 1970 in Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland.
- Writer
- Producer
- Director
Alan Le May was a novelist, short-story writer and screenwriter, although today he may be best remembered for his novels which served as the basis for two classic westerns, The Searchers (1956) and The Unforgiven (1960). He started his career as a journalist before becoming a full-time author (he wrote 17 novels in all).- Cinematographer
- Camera and Electrical Department
Henry W. Gerrard was born on 3 January 1899 in London, England, UK. He was a cinematographer, known for The Most Dangerous Game (1932), The Man I Love (1929) and Penguin Pool Murder (1932). He died on 19 November 1934 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Actor
- Soundtrack
Joe Donahue was ten years younger than brother Jack, who was a well-known vaudeville and musical dancer in the twenties. Jack starred in the hits "1920 Follies" and "Sons o' Guns" (1929). He died in 1930 from the effects of high blood pressure, heart disease and kidney problems. Joe followed Jack into show business, and after Broadway experience Marilyn Miller handpicked Joe to be her leading man in Sunny (1930). (Jack had played opposite Miller in the stage versions of "Sunny" (1925) and "Rosalie" (1928)).- Fred Howard was born on 3 January 1899 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He was an actor, known for Rain (1932), The Front Page (1931) and Footlights and Fools (1929). He died on 21 April 1960 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Actress
- Producer
Isabel McDonagh, or Marie Lorraine as she was professionally known, was one of three sisters who formed one of the most successful production teams in early Australian cinema. Her sister Paulette McDonagh directed her in four movies, her other sister Phyllis McDonagh managed art direction and production, leading contemporaries to call them as "The most remarkable women in the history of Australian cinema." Isabel starred in several very successful silent films, her naturalistic acting style praised as matching the best performances of Hollywood. In the early 1930s she married a wealthy banker and former soldier and then spread her time evenly between Australia and London, to which she eventually moved. She continued to study acting and was instrumental in the formation of Sydney's Ensemble Theatre, though never appeared on-screen after her first and only sound film Two Minutes Silence (1933).- Georges Hourdin was born on 3 January 1899 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France. He was a producer, known for Un certain regard (1964), Ouvrez les guillemets (1973) and Apostrophes (1975). He died on 29 June 1999 in Meudon, Hauts-de-Seine, France.
- Production Manager
- Additional Crew
- Actor
Eugeniusz Gielba was born on 3 January 1899. He was a production manager and actor, known for Kalosze szczescia (1958), Maryjka (1933) and Uczta Baltazara (1954). He died on 12 December 1962.- Actor
- Soundtrack
Jerry Bergen was born on 4 January 1899 in Livana, Murmansk, Russia. He was an actor, known for 20, 000 Cheers for the Chain Gang (1933), The Pirate (1948) and Flying with Music (1942). He died in January 1986 in Yonkers, New York, USA.- Camera and Electrical Department
Joe Zaslove was born on 4 January 1899 in Russia. Joe died on 20 February 1960 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Tullio Tomadoni was born on 4 January 1899 in Cormons, Italy. He was an actor, known for Foglio di via (1954), Orient Express (1954) and Le avventure di Roby e Buck (1957). He died on 1 June 1964 in Rome, Italy.
- Actor
- Writer
- Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
Carlo Duse was born on 5 January 1899 in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. He was an actor and writer, known for La colpa di una madre (1952), Don Cesare di Bazan (1942) and Fanfulla da Lodi (1940). He was married to Italia Vitaliani. He died on 9 September 1956 in Rome, Lazio, Italy.- Make-Up Department
- Costume and Wardrobe Department
- Additional Crew
Fred Carlton Ryle was born on 5 January 1899 in Gordon, Georgia, USA. He is known for On the Waterfront (1954), Isle of Forgotten Women (1927) and The Singing Blacksmith (1938). He died on 3 March 1960 in New York City, New York, USA.- Sound Department
Harry Foy was born on 5 January 1899 in Pennsylvania, USA. Harry is known for Hellcats of the Navy (1957). Harry died in May 1969 in Riverside, California, USA.- Kenneth Raisbeck was born on 5 January 1899 in Odell, Illinois, USA. He was a writer, known for The Gay Defender (1927) and Knockout Reilly (1927). He died on 30 September 1931 in Westport, Connecticut, USA.
- Phyllis Haver was born Phyllis O'Haver on January 6, 1899, in Douglas, KS. When she was a child her family moved to California. Young Phyllis got a job playing piano at a local movie theater. Producer Mack Sennett saw her and hired her to be one of his "Sennett Bathing Beauties". Between 1916-20 she appeared in more than 35 short films. With her curvy figure and blonde hair she quickly became one of the most popular of Sennett's bathing beauties. Eventually she left Sennett compact and signed a contract with Cecil B. DeMille. She co-starred with Olive Borden in Fig Leaves (1926) and with Victor McLaglen in What Price Glory (1926). She also won rave reviews for her performances as Roxie Hart in Chicago (1927).
In 1929 she married millionaire William Seeman. Although she was at the peak of her career, she decided to retire from acting. She and William moved into an 11-room penthouse in New York City. Phyllis said she loved being a wife and never wanted to return to Hollywood. Sadly, after 16 years of marriage she and William divorced. The couple had no children. As she grew older Phylis became more reclusive. She lived in a large house in Connecticut and rarely had visitors. Her only companion was her longtime housekeeper. She reportedly made several suicide attempts and was devastated when her former boss Mack Sennett died.
On November 19, 1960, 61-year-old Phyllis took her own life with an overdose of barbiturates. She was found in her bed fully dressed and wearing make-up. Phyllis was buried at Grassy Hills Cemetery in Falls Village, CT. - Annuska Fényes was born on 6 January 1899 in Nagyvárad, Austria-Hungary [now Oradea, Romania]. She was an actress, known for A Nagymama (1916), A karthausi (1916) and Doktor úr (1916). She died on 9 September 1985 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
- Pyotr Konstantinov was born on 6 January 1899 in Murom, Murom uyezd, Vladimir Governorate, Russian Empire [now Vladimir Oblast, Russia]. He was an actor, known for Dorogoy moy chelovek (1958), Vsyo nachinayetsya s dorogi (1960) and Evdokiya (1961). He died on 2 October 1973 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia].
- Actor
- Soundtrack
Al Bowlly was born on 7 January 1899 in Delagoa Bay, Portuguese East Africa [now Maputo Bay, Mozambique]. He was an actor, known for Ready Player One (2018), The Jacket (2005) and The Outsider (2018). He was married to Margaret Fairless and Freda Roberts. He died on 17 April 1941 in London, England, UK.- Kenneth Thomson was born on 7 January 1899 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. He was an actor, known for The Broadway Melody (1929), Lawful Larceny (1930) and Female (1933). He was married to Alden Gay. He died on 26 January 1967 in Hollywood, California, USA.
- Harry Fleischmann was born on 7 January 1899 in Saegertown, Pennsylvania, USA. He was an actor, known for She Asked for It (1937), Ambush (1939) and One Man Justice (1937). He was married to Nan Kristina Fleischmann. He died on 28 November 1943 in Bakersfield, California, USA.
- Actor
- Additional Crew
Francesco Sormano was born on 7 January 1899 in Valle Mosso, Piedmont, Italy. He was an actor, known for The Secret Seven (1963), Atom Age Vampire (1960) and Donne sole (1956). He died on 13 November 1977 in Rome, Lazio, Italy.- Music Department
- Composer
- Writer
Francis Poulenc was born on 7 January 1899 in Paris, France. He was a composer and writer, known for Call Me by Your Name (2017), The Great Beauty (2013) and The Metropolitan Opera HD Live (2006). He died on 30 January 1963 in Paris, France.- Director
- Additional Crew
Peter Stanchina was born on 7 January 1899 in Dresden, Germany. He was a director, known for The Glass Ball (1937) and Violet of Potsdam Square (1936). He died in 1967 in Munich, Germany.- Thomas Richards was born on 8 January 1899 in Dalton, England, UK. He was an editor, known for The Maltese Falcon (1941), Naughty But Nice (1939) and It All Came True (1940). He died on 4 January 1946 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Frantisek Loring was born on 8 January 1899 in Praha, Cechy, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was an actor, known for Bubny (1965), Love Without Words (1962) and Courage for Every Day (1964). He died in 1964.
- Ela Elborg was born on 8 January 1899 in Wohlau, Lower Silesia, Germany [now Wolów, Dolnoslaskie, Poland]. She was a writer, known for Clarissa (1941), Mamma (1941) and Broken Love (1942). She died on 3 May 2004 in Munich, Germany.
- Rudolf Iltis was born on 8 January 1899 in Prague, Cechy, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was an actor, known for The Cremator (1969) and Dita Saxová (1968). He died on 1 August 1977 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- L.L. Corum was born on 8 January 1899 in Jonesville, Indiana, USA. He died on 5 March 1949 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
- Reuben Greenspoon was born on 8 January 1899 in Russia. He died on 25 February 1987 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Sherman Adams was born on 8 January 1899 in East Dover, Vermont, USA. He was married to Rachel Leona White. He died on 27 October 1986 in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
- Writer
- Director
- Cinematographer
Gösta Nordhaus was born on 8 January 1899 in Düsseldorf, Germany. He is known for Fliehende Schatten (1933), Besuch bei Onkel Emil (1936) and Baby! (1932).- Actress
- Soundtrack
Polly Walker played in several Broadway musicals before being discovered by George M. Cohan and was featured in his shows "The Merry Malones" (1927) and "Billie" (1928). She was then tempted by Hollywood where she starred in Hit the Deck (1929). While in London performing on stage in "Out of the Bottle" (1932) she made one further film, _Sleepless Nights (1933)_.- Sound Department
Harry Lindgren was born on 9 January 1899 in San Francisco, California, USA. He is known for The War of the Worlds (1953), Rear Window (1954) and Sunset Blvd. (1950). He died on 25 August 1982 in Mendocino, California, USA.- Vincenzo Cristo was born on 9 January 1899 in Naples, Campania, Italy. He is known for The Decameron (1971) and Siamo ricchi e poveri (1953).
- Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
- Editorial Department
Harry Barnes was born on 9 January 1899 in Missouri, USA. Harry was an assistant director. Harry was married to Jean Woodward. Harry died in January 1975 in Tennessee, USA.- Composer
- Music Department
- Actor
Composer, author and conductor, educated in England. He became a US citizen in 1948 and was appointed director of musical presentations at New York's Capitol Theatre. He was also the associate director of the Salzburg Festival in 1927, and directed the official Austrian program at the Chicago Centennial in 1934. Between 1937 and 1941, he was under contract to Hollywood film studios. Joining ASCAP in 1948, his popular-song compositions include "Viennese Memories", "Rosalinda, Love of Mine", "Oh Jiminy, Oh Jiminy", "Laughing Song", "Csardas", and Melodrama".- Music Department
Henry Alberti was born on 9 January 1899 in Italy. Henry died on 15 July 1968 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Arda Bowser was born on 9 January 1899 in Danville, Pennsylvania, USA. He died on 7 September 1996 in Winter Park, Florida, USA.
- Actor
- Soundtrack
Songwriter ("Sweet Georgia Brown"), composer, conductor, publisher, author, producer and child actor, educated at Marquand Preparatory and New York University. He studied piano with Vincent Lopez, and organized his own band, later conducting on radio and records. He was the president of publishing firms and theatrical production companies, and wrote several stage scores and special material. He received a United States Navy commendation for his work on the radio show "Winnie the Wave". Joining ASCAP in 1939, he collaborated musically with Kenneth Sisson, Ben Bernie, Maceo Pinkard, and George Briegel. His other popular-song compositions include "Wide Open Spaces", "Sincerely Yours", "Craving", "Gotta Hit That Texas Trail", "You'll Find a Bit of Gay Paree in Dear Old Montreal", "I Won't Be Ridin' No More", "Tall Cedars Are Calling Me", "Two Gun Gertie", "The President Eisenhower March", "Wings in Flight" (for Stewart Air Force Base), and "Give, Give, Give" (for the Community Chest Drive).- Cinematographer
- Director
- Camera and Electrical Department
John J. Mescall was born on 10 January 1899 in Litchfield, Illinois, USA. He was a cinematographer and director, known for Bride of Frankenstein (1935), Take a Letter, Darling (1942) and The Black Cat (1934). He died on 10 February 1962 in Los Angeles County, California, USA.- Writer
- Director
- Actor
János Vaszary was born on 10 January 1899 in Budapest, Hungary. He was a writer and director, known for Mámi (1937), Egy nap a világ (1944) and Rád bízom a feleségem (1937). He was married to Lili Muráti and Siklóssy, Janka. He died on 27 November 1963 in Madrid, Spain.- Writer
- Actor
- Additional Crew
Axel Eggebrecht was born on 10 January 1899 in Leipzig, Germany. He was a writer and actor, known for The Lost Man (1951), The Paris Adventure (1936) and Steputat & Co. (1938). He was married to Inge Stolten. He died on 14 July 1991 in Hamburg, Germany.- Actress
- Writer
- Additional Crew
Legendary stage actress Eva Le Gallienne's life began just as grandly as the daughter of poet Richard Le Gallienne. Sarah Bernhardt was her idol growing up and, at age 18, was brought to New York by her mother. Making her London debut with "Monna Vanna" in 1914, she proved a star in every sense of the word. She appeared on Broadway first in "Liliom" in 1921 and lastly at the Biltmore Theatre in 1981 with "To Grandmother's House We Go," which won her a Tony nomination at age 82. Noted for her extreme boldness and idealism, she became a director and muse for theatre's top playwrights, a foremost translator of Henrik Ibsen, and a founder of the civic repertory movement in America. A respected stage coach, director, producer and manager over her six decades, Ms. Le Gallienne consciously devoted herself to the Art of the Theatre as opposed to the Show Business of Broadway and dedicated herself to upgrading the quality of the stage. She ran the Civic Repertory Theatre Company for 10 years (1926-1936), producing 37 plays during that time. She managed Broadway's 1100-seat Civic Repertory Theatre (more popularly known as The 14th Street Theatre) at 107 14th Street from 1926-32, which was home to her company whose actors included herself, J. Edward Bromberg, Paul Leyssac, Florida Friebus, and Leona Roberts. Her gallery of theatre portrayals would include everything from Peter Pan to Hamlet. Sadly, she almost completely avoided film and TV during her lengthy career. However, toward the end of her life, she did appear in a marvelous 1977 stage version of "The Royal Family" on TV and rendered a quietly touching performance as Ellen Burstyn's grandmother in Resurrection (1980), for which she received an Oscar nomination.