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The mutants have the following deformities: Big Brain= suffers from an extreme case of hydrocephalus and goitres, explaining his large distended head and bloated throat. Big Mama= lacks deformities entirely aside from her baldness and obesity. Cyst= suffer from neurofibromatosis, which explains the reddish lesions covering his body. Cyst is first seen by Doug Bukowski dragging a female corpse through the nuclear test village. Goggle= having two patchjob slits on his face in place of a nose, as well as patchy pink and red skin. . Lizard= a severe cleft lip and malformed jaw. Pluto= misshapen head and face and appears to be mentally impaired. Ruby= fingers are fused together, possibly from Syndactyly while the appearance of her face suggests Goldenhar syndrome. Venus and Mercury [two mutant children]= Like Ruby, Venus possibly has Goldenhar syndrome and Mercury has wide eyes and a skin disorder that causes his flesh to appear bluish.
The gas station set was built on location in Morocco. It was so authentic that occasionally someone not involved in the production would stop to buy gas.
The mutants were created by CGI, physical effects or both. Most of the mutants with full deformations were created by prosthetic makeup. But the deformed children who were playing were digitally distorted using tracking dots on their faces. Ruby was a mixture of the two, using the tracking dots for distortion and prosthetic teeth.
(at around 3 mins) The photos of mutations that play during the opening credits are not of atomic mutation, but birth defects caused by the use of Agent Orange in Vietnam.