When the dog walks into the kitchen he isn't wearing a collar. When he jumps on the table he's wearing a red collar, then in the same scene, Harry talks to the dog on table, and the collar has disappeared again.
Dick tells Mary that the inscription on the thimble is Turkish and distinguishable from Ukrainian by noting the diacritical mark over the letter 'o'. A much more obvious distinction is that Ukrainian uses the Cyrillic alphabet whereas Turkish uses the Latin alphabet. Old Turkish used runes that are also very different from Cyrillic.
When Harry brings the dog home, it runs toward Dick. When Dick bends down to pick up the dog, you can see the treat used to draw the dog over in his hand.