Torres and Paris' bet (referred to at the start of this episode, which led to their visiting the Klingon exercise program) takes place in the previous episode, Distant Origin (1997).
This episode is the only one that references the four-month Vulcan Rite of Tal'oth; however, that ritual seems very similar to the ten-day kahs-wan maturity test from Yesteryear (1973).
This is the second of two episodes in a row when aliens are able to materialise on Voyager. The other episode being Star Trek: Voyager: Distant Origin (1997).
The first alien transported aboard Voyager complains that it is too cold, so the Doctor increases the temperature in Sick Bay to 45° Celsius. 45°C is approximately 113° Fahrenheit.