In Buddhism, Bardo is the equivalent to the afterlife. More specifically, it is a state between lives, when one dies and is reincarnated into another form.
When Diyoza was asked about the Anomaly or the Bridge, she said she was no Einstein (Albert Einstein). The Einstein-Rosen Bridge, or more commonly known as a wormhole, serves as a shortcut, which connects two points either in time or space.
Time dilation is a phenomenon associated with Special Relativity (General Relativity describes how intense gravitational fields warp or twist space). It describes how objects traveling near the speed of light, or objects near an intense gravitational field like a black hole, experience time slower.
The Fields medal is awarded for outstanding accomplishments in the field of mathematics (equivalent to the Nobel Prize).
This episode is Bellamy Blake's third and Clarke Griffin's fourth episode where they did not appear. It is also only the second episode of the entire series in which Eliza Taylor doesn't appear.