When Archer says, "It's colder than Shackleton's nutsack", he's referring to explorer Ernest Shackleton who did several expeditions to the Antarctic in the 1900s.
White Turf is an international horse racing event for the upper class held in St. Moritz, Switzerland since 1907.
When Archer is reintroduced to AJ she holds up her finger and continues drinking before saying hello to him. This is a throwback to when Archer first meets her while she is nursing.
Referencing the song "American Pie" by Don McLean, Archer incorrectly recites (as many do) the lyrics as "... and Good Ol' Boys were drinking whiskey and rye." ... the correct lyric is "... and Good Ol' Boys were drinking whiskey IN Rye." ... Mclean explained that the incident actually happened in New York state in a town close to Rye, NY.
Robert asks Cheryl if the powder she was planning to spike the drinks with was acid, to which she replies "No. It's DMT, I think." DMT is short for Dimethyltryptamine, which is a psychoactive alkaloid found in a number of different plants, though usually in very small amounts. DMT has similar effects to other more commonly used psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin, although with a much shorter duration of action. The effects of LSD and psilocybin, depending on route of administration, can last anywhere from eight to twenty hours; DMT's psychedelic effects only last about five to fifteen minutes when injected intravenously or inhaled and about two to three hours when ingested.