War in Europe in 1915; German success at the Masurian Lakes; Russian Siege of Przemysl; German Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive; Russian shortage of materiel; Germans use poison gas at Ypres; British munitions shortage; the role of wartime industrial production.
The British and French attacks on the Western Front in the spring and summer of 1915 all fail. The German achieve only a partial victory at the Second Battle of Ypres, where they use poison gas for the first time. Trench warfare has enforced a terrible stalemate. Meanwhile on the Eastern Front, the Germans are rolling back a shattered Russian army.—W A Mckibben