Bender's round of tile graffiti art is a tribute to real-life street artist Space Invader, who similarly installs tile art in cities around the world.
Proposition Infinity is a reference to the Proposition 8 controversy in California.
The prison that Bender was at, "Will Riker's Island" is a play on both the real-life prison, Rikers Island, and the Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987) character of the same name.
When the episode aired, same-sex marriage was illegal in appoximately 97.6% of the territory of the United States.