Sheldon and Raj name the asteroid they discover after Amy. In real life there's an asteroid named for Sheldon: 246247 Sheldoncooper, discovered on September 20, 2007.
Sheldon has a light version of grapheme-color synesthesia, as he sees prime numbers as red and prime twins as pink.
Sheldon tells Amy that to make a Best Buy the best, it helps to have a Chipotle next to it. He was talking about the Best Buy on 3415 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena which has a Chipotle nearby at 3409, E Foothill Blvd. The characters of The Big Bang Theory (2007) also live in Pasadena.
Sheldon wants to name an asteroid Amy, after his girlfriend, but there already is an asteroid called 3375 Amy. It was discovered in 1981 by Carolyn Shoemaker, who discovered over 500 asteroids and 32 comets, and who was a co-discoverer of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which collided with Jupiter in 1994.
When Sheldon says he sees twin prime numbers as "pink and smells like gasoline", isn't just a form of grapheme-color synesthesia, as leaded gas (before being banned and taken off the market), was actually pink(ish) in color, and had a very distinctive smell.