This episode looks at the beginnings of recorded sound, with the advent of Edison's wax cylinder and soon after, Berliner's shellac disc (the familiar 78 rpm gramophone record). Until that time, the only music that people heard was fleeting live performances; now for the first time they could listen whenever and wherever they wanted. Technology influenced musical styles. With mechanical recording, some instruments were too soft or too loud to record, violins needed the addition of a horn resonator in order to be heard and singers had to sing loudly as if they were singing to a large hall. The introduction of the microphone and electronic amplifiers allowed a more intimate "crooning" style of singing which captured the nuances of the voice more faithfully.