While talking to Bill in the barn, The Doctor offers a little girl Jelly Babies, which were a favorite of the Fourth Doctor.
The Master asking if the future was going to be "all girl", and the 12th Doctor's response of "We can only hope." references the fan speculation regarding whether or not the 13th Doctor would be female. Jodie Whittaker was announced as the 13th Doctor a few weeks after "The Doctor Falls" aired.
The Cybermen have appeared in the twelfth episode of every series since series 5.
The names of the members of the Hartnell family that appeared in the anniversary special An Adventure in Space and Time (2013) appeared throughout the first season. Bill Potts connects to William Hartnell, (The First Doctor) who was called Bill by his friends. Heather, Bill's girlfriend with the star-shaped iris, has the same name as William Hartnell's wife, Heather. The little girl investigating the standing stones at the beginning of The Eaters of Light (2017) was named Judy, like Judith Carney, Hartnell's granddaughter. However, according to Steven Moffat, this was simply a coincidence.
The plaid coat worn by Matt Lucas, is the same coat worn by Bob Hoskins in the film Outside Bet (2012). The Coat was provided to both productions by costume designer Hayley Nebauer. The coat is now in the hands of a Private Collector.