NOC or N.O.C. is short for Non-Official Cover.
The Arabic dialect spoken during conversations is the formal dialect called "Al-Fosha" and is rarely used in chatting and casual conversations.
A "Burn Notice" is essentially a letter issued by an intelligence agency stating that someone is an "unauthorized contractor."
A false-flag operation, is a person or group that carries out an operation in the name of another group without express approval to do so.
In intelligence circles, an asset is someone who carries out sensitive operations or provides intelligence.